Electric bicycle

ABSTRACT

An electric bicycle includes a motor and a controller. A heart rate monitor is programmed to communicate a heart rate signal representing a heart rate of an occupant to the controller. The controller is programmed to receive a destination distance of the electric bicycle relative to a predetermined destination. The controller is programmed to provide instruction to adjust power to the motor based at least on the heart rate signal and the destination distance.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/032,173 titled “ELECTRIC BICYCLE” and filed on Aug. 1, 2014, thecontents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Vehicles such as automobiles may be used to transport other modes oftransportation, such as bicycles, for example. The vehicle may be usedto transport the bicycle, for example, for recreational use of thebicycle. As another example, the vehicle may be used to transport thebicycle so that the vehicle and the bicycle provide multi-modaltransportation. Multi-modal transportation can include driving thevehicle to a location at which the vehicle may be parked and thendriving the bicycle from the vehicle to a final destination. Forexample, a driver may travel to a work office located in an urbansetting congested by commuters by first driving the vehicle to a lesscongested satellite parking lot remote from the office and driving thebicycle from the vehicle to the office. The bicycle may be more easilyand quickly maneuvered in the more congested areas, and at lower cost tothe owner and the environment.

The bicycle includes a frame and a pedal assembly for manually pedalingthe bicycle. In addition to manual propulsion by pedaling, the bicyclemay be an electric bicycle that is propelled electrically, e.g., bybattery powered. Accordingly, the driver may selectively pedal theelectric bicycle or may ride on the electric bicycle as the electricbicycle is electrically propelled. The pedals may be used, for example,when the driver seeks exercise or when the battery is dead. The electricpropulsion may be used, for example, to assist in pedaling when thedriver does not want to become heated due to the exercise of pedaling.For example, a driver may use the bicycle with electrical propulsionwhen the driver is driving to work and does not want to sweat into orwrinkle the clothing of the driver. When electrically propelled, somejurisdictions, e.g., the European Union, requires the driver toconstantly provide a certain amount of pedal input to initiate andmaintain the electric propulsion. Operation of the electric bicycle suchthat the electric propulsion of the bicycle only assists manualpropulsion, i.e., the electric bicycle may not be operated by onlyelectric propulsion, may be referred to as a pedelec mode.

Packaging bicycles in or on a vehicle during transportation createsdifficulties, especially with relatively small vehicles. An interior ofa vehicle may be reconfigurable, e.g., seats may be folded, toaccommodate a bicycle in the interior of the vehicle. However, thebicycle disadvantageously consumes valuable interior space of thevehicle and can disadvantageously move within the vehicle duringunexpected acceleration or deceleration.

Bicycles can alternatively be stored on an exterior of a vehicle duringtransportation. For example, after-market racks are available formounting to vehicles and supporting one or more bicycles. However, theseafter-market racks are expensive to purchase. Assembly of theafter-market rack to the vehicle and assembly of the bicycle onto therack is also disadvantageously time consuming. The rack and the bicyclealso disrupts airflow around the vehicle during travel, therebydisadvantageously decreasing fuel economy of the vehicle.

Accordingly, there remains an opportunity to design a device formulti-modal transportation that is easily and compactly integrated withthe vehicle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electric bicycle in an unfoldedposition;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the electric bicycle in a foldedposition;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the electric bicycle in the unfolded positionand including a shell concealing a seat post;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the electric bicycle in the foldedposition with the shell concealing a frame of the electric bicycle;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the electric bicycle with the frame inthe folded position and the case being disengaged;

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the electric bicycle with the caseconcealing the frame in the folded position and the seat post extendedto operate as a handle;

FIG. 5C is a perspective view of the electric bicycle with the seat postretracted to be concealed in the case;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of a front wheel and rearwheel of the electric bicycle and an electromagnet and a magnet forlocking the frame in the folded position;

FIG. 7 is a schematic of an unfold assist system;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a method of operating the unfold assistsystem;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the frame in the folded positionexposing a hinge;

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of the frame in the folded position andpartially cut-away to show a spring attached to the hinge;

FIG. 10B is a side view of a portion of the frame in the unfoldedposition with the frame partially cut-away to show the spring;

FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the frame in thefolded position with the frame partially cut-away to show the hinge andthe spring;

FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the frame in theunfolded position with the frame partially cut-away to show the hingeand the spring;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the frame including a clasp;

FIG. 13 is a screen shot of an assembly monitoring system;

FIG. 14A is a perspective view of a portion of the frame in the foldedposition and including a locking member;

FIG. 14B is a perspective view of FIG. 12A with the locking memberengaging the frame;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a portion of the frame in the foldedposition and including a flexible cable;

FIG. 16 is a schematic of a keyless lock system;

FIG. 17A is a perspective view of the electric bicycle with the frame inthe folded position and enclosed by the case, and connected to a chargepoint through a cable;

FIG. 17B is a perspective view of a portion of the frame in the foldedposition and the locking member disengaged with the cable of FIG. 17A;

FIG. 17C is a perspective view of a portion of the frame in the foldedposition with the locking member locking the cable to the frame;

FIG. 18A is a perspective view of a plug of the electric bicycledisengaged from a charging point;

FIG. 18B is a perspective view of the plug of FIG. 15A locked to thecharging point;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a drive train of the electric bicycle;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a portion of the drive train;

FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the drive train;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of an encoder of the drive train;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of power and regeneration control logic;

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of power control logic;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of the power and regeneration control logicincorporating the power control logic;

FIG. 26A is a schematic view of the electric bicycle being operated in aremote mode;

FIG. 26B is a schematic view of the electric bicycle being alternativelyoperated in a vehicle mode and the remote mode;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the electric bicycle being operated in acharge mode;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing communication between the electricbicycle, a vehicle, and a mobile device;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing communication between the electricbicycle, the vehicle, and the mobile device through a docking system;

FIG. 30 is a block diagram of a method of operating a communicationsystem;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the docking system;

FIG. 32 is a magnified view of a portion of the docking system;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a user interface of the vehicle;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a portion of an interior of thevehicle;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of an external charging console;

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the electric bicycle including lightsfor illuminating a zone around the electric bicycle;

FIG. 37 is a schematic of a haptic feedback system;

FIG. 38 is a block diagram of a method of operating the haptic feedbacksystem;

FIG. 39 is a graph showing initiation and duration of vibration forvarious conditions of vibration generators of handlebars of the electricbicycle;

FIG. 40 is a schematic view of operation of a swerve assist system ofthe electric bicycle;

FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated flashlight of a seatassembly of the electric bicycle;

FIG. 42 is a schematic of a light system;

FIG. 43 is a cross-section of a wheel of the electric bicycle;

FIG. 44 is a schematic of a seat adjusting system;

FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a memory seatpost;

FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the memory seatpost;

FIG. 47 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the memory seatpost; and

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the third embodiment of the memory seatpost.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to the Figures, wherein like numerals indicate like partsthroughout the several views, an electric bicycle 10 is shown. As setforth further below, the electric bicycle 10 is conveniently integratedwith a vehicle 12 for multi-modal transportation. In other words, thevehicle 12 may be used to transport the electric bicycle 10 to a desiredlocation at which the electric bicycle 10 may be removed from thevehicle 12 and driven to a final destination.

As one example, a person who has an office in a congested urban settingmay drive the vehicle 12 to a parking lot remote from the office anddrive the electric bicycle 10 from the vehicle 12 to the office. Theelectric bicycle 10 may be easier and quicker to maneuver in the crowdedurban setting. An occupant, i.e., the driver, may pedal the electricbicycle 10 in a manual mode for exercise and/or in the event that theelectric bicycle 10 is out of power. The driver may ride the electricbicycle 10 in a powered mode to conserve body energy and/or to avoidsweating in work clothing.

With reference to FIG. 1, the electric bicycle 10 includes a frame 14, ahandlebar assembly 16 coupled to the frame 14, and a seat assembly 18coupled to the frame 14. A front wheel 20 is supported by the frame 14and may be coupled to the handlebar assembly 16 for steering the frontwheel 20. A rear wheel 22 is supported by the frame 14. A drivetrain 24is connected to at least one of the front wheel 20 and the rear wheel 22for propelling the electric bicycle 10. A power source, such as abattery 26 (shown in FIGS. 28 and 29), is coupled to the drivetrain 24for powering the drivetrain 24. The electric bicycle 10 includes acomputing device 28 (shown in FIGS. 28 and 29), i.e., a controller, forcontrolling the drivetrain 24 and/or other features of the electricbicycle 10.

With reference to FIGS. 28 and 29, the computing device 28 may includeany suitable components. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the computingdevice 28 may include a processor 31, memory 29, etc. With continuedreference to FIGS. 28 and 29, a mobile device 48, e.g., a mobile phone,tablet, etc., may be supported by the bicycle 10 and may be incommunication with the computing device 28, as set forth further below.The mobile device 48 may be releasably docked to the bicycle 10, forexample, with a docking station 21, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.

With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the frame 14 includes a front segment 30,e.g., a first segment 30, and a rear segment 32, e.g., a second segment32. The front segment 30 supports the handlebar assembly 16 and the rearsegment 32 supports the seat assembly 18. The drivetrain 24 may besupported by the rear segment 32.

The front segment 30 and the rear segment 32 each may, for example,include a wheel support member engaging the front wheel 20 and the rearwheel 22. The wheel support members may be a single bar extending alongone side of the front wheel 20/rear wheel 22, as shown in FIG. 1. Insuch a configuration, the front wheel 20 and rear wheel 22 may besandwiched between the wheel support members when the frame 14 is in afolded position, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6. Alternatively, the wheelsupport members may be a fork extending along both sides of the frontwheel 20/rear wheel 22.

The frame 14 is foldable, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, for example.Specifically, the frame 14 is foldable, e.g., pivotable, between anunfolded position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and a folded position, asshown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The front segment 30 and the rear segment 32 maybe releasably coupled to each other for movement between the folded andunfolded positions.

As one example, as shown in FIG. 9, a hinge 34 may connect the frontsegment 30 and the rear segment 32. The hinge 34 is configured to allowthe front segment 30 and the rear segment 32 to be rotated about thehinge 34 between the folded position and the unfolded position. Thehinge 34 may, for example, allow 180 degrees of rotation between thefront segment 30 and the rear segment 32 between the folded position andthe unfolded position. However, the front segment 30 and the rearsegment 32 may be releasably coupled to each other in any suitablefashion.

The hinge 34 may be a concealed hinge, i.e., the hinge 34 may beconcealed between the front segment 30 and the rear segment 32 when theframe 14 is in the unfolded position. The front segment 30 and/or therear segment 32 may define a pocket 35 for housing the hinge 34 when theframe 14 is in the unfolded position. For example, the hinge 34 may be aSoss hinge as shown in FIG. 9. Alternatively, the hinge 34 may be anysuitable type of hinge, such as a butt hinge, pivot hinge, etc.

With reference to FIG. 9, the hinge 34 may include a first bracket 58connected to the front segment 30 and a second bracket 59 connected tothe rear segment 32. The first bracket 58 and the second bracket 59 areconnected by a first set 60 of plates and a second set 61 of plates. Thefirst set of plates 60 and the second set of plates 61 are pivotallyconnected to each other and pivotally connected to the first bracket 58and the second bracket 59. The first bracket 58 and/or the secondbracket 59 may define the pocket 35.

With reference to FIGS. 3-5C, the electric bicycle 10 may include ashell 36 for encasing at least a portion of the frame 14 when the frame14 is in the folded position. The shell 36 may be supported by the frame14 when the electric bicycle 10 is in the unfolded position. As shown inthe FIG. 3, for example, the shell 36 may receive a portion of the seatassembly 18 when the electric bicycle 10 is in the unfolded position. Insuch a configuration, the electric bicycle 10 may be operated with theshell 36 on the seat assembly 18.

The shell 36 may include two sides 38, as best shown in FIG. 4. The twosides 38 may engage each other, e.g., by spring loading, snapping,fasteners, etc., to retain the shell 36 on the frame 14. Alternatively,or in addition, the two sides 38 may engage the frame 14 and/or the seatassembly 18 to retain the shell 36 on the frame 14.

As shown in FIGS. 5A-C, the shell 36 is moveable to expose/encase atleast a portion of the frame 14. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, thetwo sides 38 may be removed from each other and the seat assembly 18,e.g., removed from the rest of the bicycle 10. When the two sides 38 areremoved, the frame 14 may be moved to the folded position.

Alternatively, at least one of the two sides 38 may slidably engage arail (not shown) on the frame 14 and/or the seat assembly 18 for guidingthe shell 36 between the position encasing the seat assembly 18, asshown in FIG. 3, and the position encasing the frame 14, as shown inFIG. 4. In such an embodiment, the frame 14 may be moved to the foldedposition when the two sides 38 are in the position encasing the seatassembly 18 and the two sides 38 may be subsequently moved to theposition encasing the frame 14. One of the two sides 38 may be springmounted to the rail, i.e., configured to be resiliently moved away fromthe rail while being retained to the rail. The other side 38 may bespring mounted to the side 38 that is spring mounted to the rail.

The two sides 38 may be rigid. For example, the two sides 38 may beformed of a suitable composite such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, etc.,and/or may be formed of suitable metal and/or plastic.

With reference to FIG. 5C, the shell 36 may include at least oneintermediate member 40 extending between the two sides 38. Theintermediate member 40 may be flexible relative to the sides 38. Theintermediate member 40, for example, may be formed of neoprene or anyother suitable material. The intermediate member 40 may be removablyengaged with the sides 38. For example, the intermediate member 40 maybe connected to the sides with a zipper, snaps, hook and loop fasteners,etc.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the two sides of the shell 36 are moved away fromeach other to disengage the two sides from the handle assembly. The twosides may be moved away from each other after the frame 14 is moved tothe folded position, as shown in FIG. 5A, or, alternatively, the frame14 may be moved to the folded position after the two sides encase theframe 14 in the folded position. In another embodiment, the frame 14 maybe moved to the folded position after the two sides of the shell 36 aremoved to the folded position.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the two sides 38 are moved into position encasingat least a portion of the frame 14 in the folded position. In thisposition, the two sides 38 may engage the each other and/or the frame 14to retain the shell 36 relative to the frame 14. As shown in FIG. 5C,the seat assembly 18 may be retracted into the shell 36 and theintermediate member 40 may be deployed between the sides 38.

With reference to FIG. 6, one of the front segment 30 and the rearsegment 32 supports, e.g., is fixed relative to, a magnet 42, e.g., apermanent magnet, and the other of the front segment 30 and the rearsegment 32 supports, e.g., is fixed relative to, an electromagnet 44aligned with the magnet 42 when the frame 14 is folded. The magnet 42and the electromagnet 44 may be fixed to the wheel support members ofthe front segment 30 and the rear segment 32, and/or may be fixed wheelhubs of the front segment 30 and the rear segment 32.

As shown in FIG. 7, the electromagnet 44 is a component of an unfoldassist system 47 that may be configured to unfold the frame 14 from thefolded position to the folded position. The electromagnet 44 is coupledto the power source of the electric bicycle 10, e.g., the battery 26,such that power to the electromagnet 44 may be turned on and off. Inother words, when power is supplied to the electromagnet 44, theelectromagnet 44 emits a repelling magnetic field, and when power is notsupplied to the electromagnet 44, the electromagnet 44 does not emit amagnetic field. A switch (shown in FIG. 7), for example, may be incommunication with the electromagnet 44 to turn the electromagnet 44 onand off.

The electromagnet 44 includes a core, formed of a ferromagnetic materialsuch as iron, and a wire coiled around the core. When power is suppliedto the wire, the electromagnet 44 emits a magnetic field. The magnet 42and the electromagnet 44 are fixed to the front segment 30 and the rearsegment 32 such that the same poles of the magnet 42 and electromagnet44 face each other when the frame 14 is folded. For example, the northpole of the magnet faces the north pole of the electromagnet 44, or thesouth pole of the magnet 42 faces the south pole of the electromagnet44, when the frame 14 is in the folded position.

The electromagnet 44 is disposed in a magnetic field of the magnet 42when the frame 14 is in the folded position. When the frame 14 is in thefolded position and the electromagnet 44 is turned off, the magnet 42attracts the core of the electromagnet 44 to retain the frame 14 in thefolded position. When the frame 14 is in the folded position and theelectromagnet 44 is turned on, the electromagnet 44 emits a magneticfield and, since the same poles of the magnet 42 and electromagnet 44are aligned, the magnet 42 repels the electromagnet 44 to assist inopening the frame 14 to the unfolded position. For example, when theframe 14 is in the folded position, the electromagnet 44 may be turnedon initiate the movement to the unfolded position without further manualinput from the user.

With continued reference to FIG. 7, a controller 73, e.g., the computingdevice 28, may be configured to power the electromagnet 44 to repel themagnet 42 to unfold the frame 14. Specifically, the controller 73, e.g.,the computing device 28, may be coupled to the power source, e.g., thebattery 26, and the controller 73 may selectively connect the powersource to the electromagnet 44 to power the electromagnet 44. Forexample, a switch 45 may be coupled to the power source, e.g. thebattery 26, and to the controller 73, e.g., the computing device 28. Thecontroller 73, e.g., the computing device 28, may be programmed to closethe switch 45 to power the electromagnet 44.

The supply of power to the electromagnet 44 may be controlled with anauthorized security pass. The security pass may be an electronic device,e.g., a mobile device 48 such as a mobile phone, tablet, etc, whichcommunicates with the electric bicycle 10 to identify authorized use.The security pass may be key (not shown), such as a mechanical key or awireless key, such as an RFID key. The security pass may be operable bya biometric indicator, such as a fingerprint scan, retinal scan, etc. Assuch, the electromagnet 44 may be operable as a security device toprevent unauthorized use, i.e., the electromagnet 44 may be selectivelyoperable as a security system to prevent the frame 14 from beingunfolded by anyone except an authorized user.

The controller may be programmed to prevent supply of power to theelectromagnet 44 in the absence of detection of a security pass. Forexample, the controller 73, e.g., the computing device 28, may beprogrammed to prevent supply of power to the electromagnet 44 in theabsence of detection of a pre-identified mobile device 48, e.g., amobile phone. As another example, the controller 73, e.g., the computingdevice 28, may be programmed to prevent supply of power to theelectromagnet in the absence of detection of a wireless proximitydevice, e.g., a wireless proximity identifier in a key fob.

A buffer layer 46 may be mounted to the magnet 42 and/or theelectromagnet 44. The buffer layer 46 may be formed of anon-ferromagnetic material, such as plastic. The buffer layer 46 isdisposed between the magnet 42 and the electromagnet 44 when the frame14 is in the folded position. The buffer layer 46 prevents the magnet 42from fully engaging the core of the electromagnet 44, which would renderthe repulsion impossible when the electromagnet 44 is powered.

With reference to FIGS. 10A-12, the hinge 34 may be spring-loaded toassist movement of the frame 14 from the folded position to the unfoldedposition and to retain the frame 14 in the unfolded position while theuser locks the frame 14 in the unfolded position. For example, a spring57 may be configured to bias the frame 14 about the hinge 34 toward theunfolded position.

Specifically, the hinge 34 may include a post 62 connected to the firstset 60 of plates and extending from the first set 60 through the firstbracket 58 to a cantilevered end 63. A cap 65 may be fixed to the post62 adjacent the cantilevered end 63. The spring 57 is retained on thepost 62 between the cap 65 and the first bracket 58. The cap 65 may bethreadedly engaged with the post 62 for adjustment along the post 62 tovary the tension on the spring 57.

With reference to FIGS. 10A-11B, the as the frame 14 moves from theunfolded position to the folded position, the first bracket 58 and thesecond bracket 59 move toward each other and the first set 60 of platesand second set 61 of plates move relative to each other and relative tothe first bracket 58 and second bracket 59. As the first set 60 ofplates moves relative to the first bracket 58, the first set 60 ofplates pulls the post 62 through the first bracket 58 to compress thespring 57 between the cap 65 and the first bracket 58. The compressionof the spring 57 between the cap 65 and the first bracket 58 urges theframe 14, through the first set 60 of plates toward the unfoldedposition.

With reference to FIG. 12, a clasp 54 may hold the frame 14 in thefolded position. For example, the clasp 54 may selectively lock to boththe front segment 30 and the rear segment 32 in the folded position toprevent relative movement between the front segment 30 and the rearsegment 32 toward the unfolded position. The unfolding process may occuronce the user releases the clasp 54. When the clasp 54 is released, thespring 57 may be configured to initiate the unfold process of the frame14. Once unfolded, the user may then actuate a clamp (not shown) toconstrain the bicycle 10 in the unfolded position. Once the clamp hasbeen actuated, the user may mount the electric bicycle 10.

In another embodiment, a torsion spring (not shown) may connect thefront segment 30 and the rear segment 32 for assisting movement betweenthe folded and unfolded positions. Once the frame 14 is in the unfoldedposition, the torsion spring may be returned to a folded orientation,ready to support with the next unfold process. For example the torsionspring may be configured such that pedaling the crank 56 re-tension thespring. The re-tensioning process may be completed in any suitablemanner. For example, an electric motor may return the torsion spring. Asanother example, a linkage may be coupled to a crank 56. The linkage isconfigured such that when the user initiates pedaling the crank 56, thetorsion spring is automatically repositioned. For example, a halftoothed gear may be coupled to the spring and the crank 56 to actuatethe half rotation of the torsion spring when unfolded, but is notengaged once the torsion spring has returned to the folded state.Alternatively, the linkage may include a protrusion and the crank 56 mayhave a corresponding protrusion configured to force the spring back intothe folded orientation.

The handlebar assembly 16 may be pivotably coupled to the front segment30 between an extended position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and aretracted position, as shown in FIG. 2. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 3,the handlebar assembly 16 may, for example, include a stem 64 rotatablyconnected to the front segment 30 of the frame 14. A handlebar 66 issupported on the stem 64 for steering by a driver of the electricbicycle 10. The handlebar assembly 16 may include a fork 68 rotatablysupporting the front wheel 20. The front segment 30 of the frame 14 mayrotatably support the fork 68 and the stem 64 may be connected to thefork 68 for rotating the fork 68 relative to the front segment 30. Thefork 68 may, for example, include a single arm that supports the frontwheel 20, as shown in the figures, or alternatively may include twoprongs that support opposite sides of the front wheel 20.

With reference to FIG. 5A, the stem 64 may be removably connected to thefork 68. The fork 68 and/or the stem 64 may support at least one magnet70 for retaining the stem 64 to the fork 68. For example, the fork 68may support the magnet 70 and the stem 64 may present an end 72 formedof ferromagnetic material. To assemble the stem 64 to the fork 68, themagnet 70 is aligned with the end to magnetically attract the end to themagnet 70. One of the stem 64 and the fork 68 may include a mechanicallock 74, e.g., a mechanical clamp 74 (similar to that shown in FIG. 32)for clamping the stem 64 to the fork 68 once assembled. The magnet 70may be a permanent magnet. To disassemble the stem 64 from the fork 68,a force greater than the force of the magnetic attraction between themagnet 70 and the end 72 may applied, i.e., applied manually by theuser, to disengage the stem 64 from the fork 68. When disengaged fromthe fork 68, the stem 64 and handlebar 66 may be stored in the shell 36,as shown in FIG. 5A. The magnet 70 may be an electromagnet (identifiedwith element number 70 in FIG. 5A) that may be turned on, i.e., togenerate a magnetic field, to retain the stem 64 to the fork 68. Theelectromagnet 70 may be turned off, i.e., to remove the magnetic field,to allow the stem 64 to be disengaged from the fork 68, as shown in FIG.5A. For example, the electromagnet 70 may be powered to align the stem64 with the fork 68, at which time the mechanical clamp 74 may beclamped to fix the stem 64 and the fork 68. After the stem 64 is fixedto the fork 68, the electromagnet 70 may be turned off to allow the stem64 to be disassembled from the fork 68 after the mechanical clamp isunclamped.

With reference to FIG. 7, the electromagnet 70 may be turned on and/oroff manually and/or automatically. For example, a switch may be incommunication with the electromagnet 70 to turn the electromagnet on andoff. In addition, or in the alternative, the computing device 28 of theelectric bicycle 10 may automatically turn on the electromagnet 70. Forexample, the computing device 28 may power the electromagnet 70 when theframe 14 is unfolded, which may be communicated to the computing device28 by sensors (not shown). As another example, the computing device 28may power the electromagnet 70 when the electric bicycle 10 isauthorized for use with the authorized security pass, as set forthabove. The computing device 28 may automatically turn off theelectromagnet 70 when, for example, the mechanical clamp 74 is clamped,which may be communicated to the computing device 28 by sensors (notshown). The bicycle 10 may include a sensor 49 in one of the firstsegment 30 and the second segment 32 and configured to detect when theframe 14 is in at least one of the folded position and the unfoldedposition. The sensor 49 may communicate an indication of the frame 14being in the folded position and/or the unfolded position to thecomputing device 28.

The mechanical lock 74 may releasably engage the handlebar assembly 66and the first segment 30 when the handlebar assembly 66 is in theextended position. The mechanical lock 74 may be configured to notifythe controller 73, e.g., the computing device 28, when the mechanicallock 74 engages the handlebar assembly 66 and the first segment 30. Forexample, the mechanical lock 74 may include a sensor configured todetect when the mechanical lock 74 locks the handlebar assembly 66 inthe extended position. This sensor may communicate data to thecontroller 73, e.g., the computing device 28, to identify to thecontroller 73, e.g., the computing device 28, that the handlebarassembly 66 is locked in the extended position. The controller 73, e.g.,the computing device 28, may be configured to provide an instruction todiscontinue power to the electromagnet 70 when the mechanical lock 74identifies to the controller 73 that the handlebar assembly 66 is lockedin the extended position. Alternatively, the controller 73 is programmedto power the electromagnet 70 for a predetermined period of time afterthe electromagnet 70 is initially powered.

As shown in FIG. 7, the unfold-assist system 47 may include thecomputing device 28. As set forth above, the computing device 28 mayinclude the processor 31 and the memory 29. As shown in block 310 ofFIG. 8, the memory 29 may store instructions comprising programming toreceive an instruction from an input device to move the first segment 30and the second segment 32 the frame 14 from a folded position to anunfolded position. The input device may be, for example, a security passsuch as a recognized mobile phone, an RFID device, etc., as set forthabove. As shown in block 312, the instructions may comprise programmingto connect the power source, e.g., the battery 26, to the electromagnet44 to repel the magnet 42 that is magnetically coupled to theelectromagnet 44 when the frame is in the folded position. In otherwords, the computing device 28 may provide instruction to theelectromagnet 44 to open the frame 14 from the folded position to theunfolded position in response by input to the computing device 28. Theinput to the computing device 28 may be a step taken by the driver,e.g., engaging a mechanical or electronic key, pushing a button, etc.,or may be a step automatically taken by the computing device 28 when asecurity pass is sensed. As shown in block 314, the instructions maycomprise programming to receive notification from the sensor 49 that theframe 14 is in the unfolded position.

As shown in block 316, the instructions may include programming to, inresponse from the instruction from the input device, provide aninstruction to connect the power source, e.g., the battery 26, to theelectromagnet 70 to repel attract the handlebar assembly 16 into theextended position. As shown in block 318, the instructions may includeprogramming to receive an indication from the mechanical lock 74 thatthe handlebar assembly 16 is locked in the extended position relativeand to provide an instruction to disconnect the power source, e.g., thebattery 26, from the electromagnet 70 in response to the indication fromthe mechanical lock 74.

The instructions may include programming to first power theelectromagnet 44 to assist in unfolding the frame 14 from the foldedposition to the unfolded position, and then to power the electromagnet70 to assist in locking the handlebar assembly 16 in the extendedposition. As such, the driver of the bicycle 10 may first unfold theframe 14 and then lock the handlebar assembly 16 to the extendedposition.

With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the seat assembly 18 may include a seatpost 76 engaged with the frame 14, e.g., the rear segment 32, and asaddle 78 connected to the seat post 76. The stem 64 and the seat post76 are elongated and the frame 14 includes a low profile. This designcreates a low step over that allows a driver to easily step over theframe 14 to sit on the electric bicycle 10.

The seat post 76 includes a post 80 and a seat tube 82 coupled to theframe 14 and moveable relative to the frame 14. Specifically, the frame14 may define a slot 84, i.e., a bore 84, telescopically receiving theseat tube 82 such that the seat tube 82 may selectively slide relativeto the frame 14 through the slot 84. The post 80 may be telescopicallyconnected to the seat tube 82 such that the post 80 may be selectivelyretracted into the seat tube 82. The saddle 78 may be fixed to the seattube 82.

The slot 84 may extend through the frame 14 from a top of the frame 14to a bottom of the frame 14. The seat tube 82 may be fixed relative tothe frame 14 in the slot 84 in any suitable way. For example, a lockingmechanism (not shown) may releasably engage the seat tube 82 in the slot84 for fixing the seat tube 82 relative to the frame 14. The lockingmechanism may be locked and unlocked with a mechanical or electricalbutton, switch, etc.

The seat tube 82 may define a slot 86 that telescopically receives thepost 80. The slot 86 of the seat tube 82 may extend along a common axisas the slot 84 of the frame 14. The post 80 may be fixed to the seattube 82 in the slot 86 in any suitable way. For example, a lockingmechanism (not shown), which may be the same as or different than thelocking mechanism that locks the post 80 to the seat tube 82, mayreleasably interlock the post 80 and the seat tube 82 for fixing post 80and the seat tube 82 to each other. The locking mechanism may be lockedand unlocked with a mechanical or electrical button, switch, etc.

With reference to FIGS. 1-4, the seat post 76 may be moved between anextended position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and a stowed position, asshown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The seat post 76 may be extended relative to theframe 14 with the seat tube 82 extended upwardly from the frame 14 andthe post 80 extended upwardly from the seat tube 82 in the extendedposition. The seat post 76 may be retracted relative to the frame 14with the seat tube 82 extended downwardly relative to the frame 14 andthe post 80 extended downwardly into the seat tube 82 in the stowedposition. Movement of the post 80 and the seat tube 82 between theextended position and the stowed position may be manual, i.e., by thehands of the occupant, and/or may be automated, i.e., motorized.

As shown in FIG. 4, the post 80 may be left extended to operate as ahandle for moving the electric bicycle 10. In other words, the seat tube82 may be moved to the stowed position so that the frame 14 may befolded and the shell 36 may enclose the frame 14. The seat tube 82 mayremain in the extended position so that the user, e.g., an occupant, maygrip the folded electric bicycle 10 by the extended seat tube 82 andwheel the folded electric bicycle 10. When the user seeks to retract theseat tube 82 to the stowed position, the user may do so to, for example,reduce the space consumption of the electric bicycle 10, e.g., forstorage.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the stowed position, the post 80 of the seat post76 may extend downwardly from the frame 14 to support the frame 14 onthe ground. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 4, a caster 88 may be mountedto the seat tube 82 of the seat post 76 for assisting in moving theelectric bicycle 10 when the seat post 76 is in the stowed position.Specifically, when the frame 14 is moved to the folded position and theseat post 76 is in the stowed position, the electric bicycle 10 may berolled on the wheels and caster 88.

The caster 88 may be selectively retracted into the seat tube 82. Forexample, a gear system (not shown) may be connected between the caster88 and the hinge 34. The gear system may be configured to extend thecaster 88 from the seat tube 82 when the frame 14 is folded and toretract the caster 88 into the seat tube 82 when the frame 14 isunfolded. As such, the extension/retraction of the caster 88 isindependent of the movement of the seat post 76 between the extendedposition and the retracted position.

The battery 26 may be disposed in and supported by the seat post 76. Thebattery 26 may be, for example, a multiple cell lithium ion battery 26.The battery 26 may have any suitable capacity rating, such as 5-10 Ah.

The portion of the seat post 76 supporting the battery 26 may beremovable from the rest of the seat assembly 18. For example, the post80 of the seat post 76 may support the battery 26 and may be removablefrom the post 80. The seat tube 82 and the post 80 may havecorresponding electrical contacts for connecting the battery 26 to therest of the electric bicycle 10, e.g., the computing device 28.

By being removable from the rest of the seat assembly 18, the battery 26may be paired with the computing device 28 to operate as a theftdeterrent. When the battery 26 is removed from the rest of the electricbicycle 10, the electric bicycle 10 is not rideable, and, as such, thebattery 26 may be removed to act as a theft deterrent.

As set forth further below, the seat tube 82, when removed from the post80, may be docked with a charging console to recharge the battery 26remotely from the rest of the electric bicycle 10. The charging consolemay include an electrical contact in communication with a power sourceand configured to communicate with the electrical contact of the seattube 82 for electrically charging the battery 26. As one example, thecharging console may be a vehicle charging console 90 integrated into aconsole of the vehicle 12, as shown in FIG. 26. As another example, thecharging console may be an external charging console 91, as shown inFIG. 27, for example, plugged into a wall socket, e.g., a desk charger.

The electric bicycle 10 may include an assembly monitoring system. Forexample, the assembly monitoring system includes sensors, e.g., sensor49, for monitoring the folded/unfolded position of the frame 14,assembly of the stem 64 to the fork 68 of the handlebar assembly 16, theposition of the seat assembly 18, and/or the position of the shell 36.The sensors may be proximity sensors to measure position and/or pressuresensors to measuring clamping. For example, as shown in block 320 ofFIG. 8, in the unfold-assist system 47, the memory 29 may storeinstructions comprising programming to provide visual and/or audibleconfirmation that the frame 14 is unfolded and/or that the mechanicallock 74 locked the handlebar assembly 16 in the extended position

With reference to FIG. 13, the assembly monitoring system may includevisual and/or audio feedback when the frame 14, handlebar assembly 16,seat assembly 18, and/or shell 36 are properly assembled or notassembled. For example, the assembly monitoring system may include oneor more green lights 96 for indicating proper assembly and/or one ormore red lights for indicating improper assembly. In addition or in thealternative, the assembly monitoring system may make an audible noise,such as a clicking noise, when one or more components is properlyassembled. The assembly monitoring system may include a test button tore-check the proper assembly prior to or during operation of theelectric bicycle 10.

With reference to FIG. 9, the front segment 30 and the rear segment 32of the frame 14 present opposing faces 98 that oppose each other whenthe frame 14 is in the unfolded position. In the folded position, asshown in FIG. 9, the faces 98 may be parallel to each other. The hinge34 may be between the faces 98.

A locking system 100 may be supported by the faces and may be integratedwith the faces 98. With reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B, the lockingsystem 100 may include a locking device extending through at least oneof the faces 98. The locking device may be, for example, a lockingmember 102 releasably engaged with the faces 98. For example, as shownin FIG. 9, the locking member 102 may be U-shaped, i.e., having twoparallel ends and a curved portion extending between the parallelportions. The faces 98 may define sockets 106 that receive the parallelends. The locking member 102 and at least one of the sockets 106 may beconfigured such that the locking member 102 locks to at least one of thesockets 106. When the parallel ends are received by the sockets 106 onthe same face 98, as shown in FIG. 9, the frame 14 may be moved to theunfolded position with the locking member 102 stored in the sockets 106.

The locking member 102 may be disposed between the faces 98 when thefirst segment 30 and the second segment 32 of the frame 14 are in theunfolded position. The locking member 102 may be stored between thefaces 98 and may travel with the bicycle 10 when the bicycle 10 isoperated. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first segment 30 and thesecond segment 32 may define a cavity 101 between the faces 98. Thelocking member 102 is disposed in the cavity 101 when the frame 14 is inthe unfolded position.

As shown in FIG. 14A, when the frame 14 is in the folded position, thelocking member 102 may be removed from the two sockets 106 on the sameface 98 and, as shown in FIG. 14B, inserted into one of the two sockets106 and into the socket 106 to lock the frame 14 in the folded positionto a stationary member 108, such as a bike rack, lamp post, etc. Inother words, the locking member 102 traps the stationary member 108between the locking member 102 and the frame 14.

A lock 109 (schematically shown in FIG. 14A) may releasably lock thelocking member 102 in the sockets 106. The lock 109 may be any suitabletype and may be disposed in one or both of the sockets 106. The lockingmember 102 may, for example include a cutout (not shown) that engagesthe lock 109 in the socket 106. The lock 109 may, for example, include aratchet system such that the locking member 102 may be locked in thesockets 106 at varying depths to accommodate various stationary members.A release 110, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, may disengage the lock 109and the locking member 102. The release 110 may, in part, be actuatedelectronically. The assembly monitoring system, as set forth above, mayvisually and/or audibly identify when the lock is activated, e.g., whenthe locking member 102 is properly located in the sockets 106.

Another embodiment of the locking system 100, as shown in FIG. 15, thelocking device is a flexible cable 112 extendable from and retractableinto the frame 14 through one of the faces 98. The locking member 102 isfixed to the cable 112 and is releasably lockable to the lock.

The lock 109 may be controlled in any suitable fashion. For example, thelock 109 may be actuated mechanically, e.g., with a key, a combinationlock, etc. In the alternative or in addition, as shown in FIG. 16, akeyless lock system 107 may actuate the lock 109. The keyless locksystem 107 may include a sensor 111, e.g., a proximity sensor thatsenses an identifier, e.g., a key fob, a mobile device 48 such as asmart cellphone, etc., to automatically unlock the lock 109 when theidentifier is within a predetermined range. Similarly, the keyless locksystem 107 may automatically lock the lock 109 when the identifier ismoved beyond the predetermined distance. With the keyless lock system107, the lock 109 may still be operable with a key in the event thebattery 26 is dead.

As shown in FIG. 16, the keyless lock system 107 may include acontroller, e.g., the computing device 28, in communication with thesensor 111 and the lock 109. The identifier, e.g., a mobile device 48,may be in communication with the sensor 111 and/or the computing device28. For example, as set forth above, the sensor 111 may be configureddetect the presence of the identifier, e.g., the mobile device 48,within a predetermined distance from the sensor 111. The sensor 111 isconfigured to communicate the detection of the identifier, e.g., themobile device 48, to the computing device 28. The computing device 28 isprogrammed to unlock the lock 109 when the sensor communicates detectionof the identifier, e.g., mobile device 48. Alternatively, for example,the computing device 48 may be programmed to receive instructionsdirectly from the identifier, e.g., the mobile device 48, to unlock thelock 109.

The keyless lock system 107 may include features for sharing theelectric bicycle 10. For example, the user may provide to a recipient acode, e.g., supplied in a mobile device code notification and map of thelocation of the electric bicycle 10. The recipient may, for example,enter the recipient code into a mobile device 48 and the map may bedisplayed on the mobile device 48. The recipient may then locate thebicycle 10 and using the map and unlock the lock using the code. Anapplication loaded on the mobile device 48 may, for example, communicatethe code to the keyless lock system 107 to automatically unlock the lock109.

The electric bicycle 10 may also include a tampering detection system incommunication with the lock 109. The tampering detection system maydetect tampering with the lock 109 and send a notification to anoccupant's mobile device when tampering is occurring. The tamperingdetection system may include, for example, an electrical cable throughthe lock 109, vibrations sensors, etc. For example, an unexpected cut incharging prior to full charge could indicate that the electrical cablehas been severed.

With reference to FIGS. 17A-18B, the electric bicycle 10 may include acharging system 116 for charging the battery 26 with a power source,such as a publicly available charge point 118. A first embodiment of thecharging system is shown in FIGS. 17A-17C and a second embodiment of thecharging system is shown in FIGS. 18A-18B.

With reference to FIGS. 17B and 17C, one of the faces 98, e.g., the face98 on the rear segment 32, may include a charging unit 117 supported byat least one of the faces 98. The charging unit 117 may, for example,include a power socket 120 configured to receive a plug 122 from thecharge point 118. The power socket 120 and the plug 122 may be of anysuitable configuration. The charging unit 117 is in communication withthe battery 26 for charging the battery 26.

The electric bicycle 10 may include a plug lock system 124 for lockingthe plug 122 to the power socket 124. The plug lock system 124 mayoperate as a theft deterrent. For example, the plug 122 may be connectedto the charge point 118 with a cable 126 that is tamper-resistant, e.g.,includes a flexible braided cover. In such a configuration, the tamperresistant cable 126 not only supplies power to the power socket 120 butalso operates as a theft deterrent when the plug lock system 124 locksthe plug 122 to the frame 14. The plug 122 may be a universal plug thatis standardized so that the plug 122 may be available for public use andmay be used by any standardized electric bicycle 10. The cable 126 maybe retractable into the charging point 118 to reduce slack in the cable126 when the plug 122 is connected to the power socket 120.

The plug lock system 124 may include the locking member 102 and thelocking sockets 106. The locking sockets 106 are disposed on oppositesides of the power socket 120 for receiving the locking member 102. Inother words, the power socket 120 is disposed between the lockingsockets 106.

The locking member 102 may, for example, be configured to engage thecharging plug 122. The plug 122 may define a groove 128 matching theshape and size of the locking member 102 so that the locking member 102fits within and abuts the groove 128 to lock the plug 122 to the frame14. The locking member 102 may have a circular cross-section and thegroove 128 may have a semi-circular cross-section.

The plug lock system 124 may include a lock (like lock 109 in FIG. 14A)that releasably locks the locking member 102 in the sockets 106. Thelock may be any suitable type and may be disposed in one or both of thesockets 106. The locking member 102 may, for example include a cutoutthat engages the lock in the socket 106. The lock may, for example,include a ratchet system such that the locking member 102 may be lockedin the sockets 106 at varying depths to accommodate various sized andshaped plugs. The assembly monitoring system, as set forth above, mayvisually and/or audibly identify when the lock is activated, e.g., whenthe locking member 102 is properly located in the sockets 106.

The locking member 102 may be stored in the locking sockets 106 when thepower socket 120 is not in use. In this configuration, the frame 14 maybe moved to the unfolded position with the locking member 102 in thelocking sockets 106. With reference to FIG. 14B, when the frame 14 is inthe folded position, the locking member 102 may be removed from thelocking sockets 106 so that the plug 122 may be engaged with the powersocket 120. Once the plug 122 is engaged with the power socket 120, thelocking member 102 may be inserted into the locking sockets 106 and intothe groove 128 to lock the plug 122 to the frame 14.

With reference to FIG. 18A, the electric bicycle 10 may include a plug130 that engages a socket 134 on the charging point 118, and a cord 132connecting the plug 130 to the frame 14. The cord 132 may extend fromone of the faces 98 of the frame 14. The cord 132 may be retractableinto the frame 14 through the face 98. The cord 132 may betamper-resistant, e.g., may include a flexible braided cover.

The locking member 102 may be coupled to the plug 130 for locking to theface 98 and for locking to the charging point 118. The locking member102 may lock to the locking sockets 106 in the face 98, similar to thatof FIGS. 17A-C. In such a configuration, the locking member 102 retainsthe plug 130 to the face 98 and the frame 14 may be moved to the foldedposition with the locking member 102 engaged with the face 98.

The plug 130 may include rings 136 that receive the locking member 102so that the plug 130 and the locking member 102 may be moved as a unitbetween the frame 14 and the charging point 118. The locking member 102may slide relative to the plug 130 through the rings 136 to adjust thelocking member 102 relative to the plug 130 for proper engagement withthe frame 14 and/or the charging point 118.

The charging point 118 may be configured to receive and lock to thelocking member 102. For example, the locking member 102 may have acircular cross-section and the charge point 118 may define grooves 138having a semi-circular cross-section for receiving the locking member102. The locking member 102 may abut the charge point 118 in the grooves138. As shown in FIG. 18A, a locking cylinder 140 may lock to thelocking member 102 to lock the charge point 118 between the lockingcylinder 140 and the locking member 102. The locking cylinder 140 may bestored in any suitable location on the electric bicycle 10 when not inuse, e.g., between the faces 98.

The drivetrain 24 includes a crank 56 and a motor 142 both coupled to arear wheel 22 for propelling the rear wheel 22. The crank 56 and themotor 142 may be coupled to the rear wheel 22 in any suitable fashion.For example, as shown in the FIGS. 19-21, a belt drive 144 couples thecrank 56 and the motor 142 to the rear wheel 22. The crank 56 may bemanually rotated by a driver, e.g., with the use of the feet of thedriver. The motor 142 may be supported about the crank 56 near themidsection of the frame 14. This configuration balances the weight ofthe electric bicycle 10. The belt drive 144 and the motor 142 may beencased behind a cover.

The belt drive 144 may be of the type referred to in industry as the“Gates belt drive.” The belt drive 144 includes a gear 148, i.e., achain ring, coupled to the crank 56 and to the motor 142 and includes agear 150 coupled to the rear wheel 22. The gear 148 is a driving gearand the gear 150 is a driven gear. The crank 56 is rotatably connectedto the frame 14 with bearings 152. The gear 148 is rotatably connectedto the frame 14 with bearings 152.

A belt 154 is engaged with and rides on the gears 148, 150 and transfersrotation from the gear 148 to the gear 150. The belt drive 144 may be asingle speed, i.e., fixed gear drive. Alternatively, the gear coupled tothe rear wheel 22 may be a fixed epicyclic gear assembly. The fixedepicyclic gear assembly may include gearing, a hub, and a freewheelbetween the gearing and the hub. Such a configuration may be a 3-5 speedgear assembly.

The crank 56 is coupled to the gear with a free wheel connection 156,i.e., a freewheel 156. The free wheel connection 156 is configured totransfer movement from the crank 56 to the gear 148 when the crank 56 isrotated forwardly faster than the forward rotation of the gear 148 andis configured to freely rotate relative to the crank 56 when the gear148 rotates forwardly faster than the crank 56. This allows forindependent forward movement of the crank 56 and the gear 148, e.g., forselective input from the crank 56 and/or the motor 142. The free wheelconnection 156 may be referred to as an overrunning clutch. As known toone skilled in the art, the free wheel connection 156 may, for example,include an outer hub and a spindle. The outer hub may have an internalsaw-tooth pattern, and the spindle may include a ratchet orspring-loaded member that allows the outer hub to rotate in onedirection relative to the spindle and lock relative to the spindle whenrotated in the opposite direction.

The free wheel connection 156 is supported by the crank 56 and/or thegear 148 between the crank 56 and the gear. A bearing 153 is disposedbetween the gear 148 and a housing 155 that supports the crank 56. Thehousing 155 may be fixed relative to the frame 14.

With reference to FIGS. 19 and 21, the motor 142 may be an electricmotor. For example, the motor 142 may be an axial flux motor. The motor142 may include magnets 158 supported circumferentially about the gear148 and phased coils 160 supported in a circumferential pattern on theframe 14. Specifically, the magnets 158 may be fixed to gear 148 and thephased coils 160 may be fixed to the frame 14. The coils 160 generatemagnetic fields to drive the magnets 158 to rotate the gear 148. Thespeed of rotation of the gear 148 may be controlled by an input device,for example a mechanical input supported on the handlebar 66, such as alever, button, knob, etc. The input device may, alternatively, be themobile device 48, e.g., through a program or application on the mobiledevice 48 accessible with a user interface of the mobile device 48,e.g., a touch screen. The input device may be coupled to the computingdevice 28, which may be coupled to the motor 142 to control the motor142.

The free wheel connection 156 is disposed between the crank 56 and thegear 148. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 21, at least a portion of the motoris concentric about the free wheel connection 156. For example, themagnets 158 may be spaced from each other concentrically about the freewheel connection 156.

As shown in FIG. 19, the gear 148 may be concentric about at least aportion of the housing 155. The bearing 153 may be disposed between thegear 148 and the housing 155.

The crank 56 and the motor 142 may be used independently orsimultaneously. For example, the crank 56 may be used independently topropel the electric bicycle 10 by pedaling the crank 56 in a forwardrotational direction without input from the motor 142. In such a use,the crank 56 engages the free wheel connection 156 to drive the gear148. The motor 142 may be used independently to propel the electricbicycle 10 by rotating the gear 148 in a forward rotational directionwith the use of the magnets 158 and coils 160 without input from thecrank 56.

The crank 56 and the motor 142 may be used simultaneously with the useof the free wheel connection 156 between the crank 56 and the gear 148.For example, the motor 142 may rotate the gear 148 at a selected speed.During this rotation by the motor 142, if the crank 56 forwardly rotatesthe free wheel connection 156 slower than the motor 142 forwardlyrotates the gear 148, then the motor 142 drives the gear 148 and thefree wheel connection 156 allows the gear 148 to rotate forwardlyrelative to the crank 56. Alternatively, if the crank 56 forwardlyrotates the free wheel connection 156 faster than the motor 142forwardly rotates the gear 148, then the free wheel connection 156engages the gear 148 and forward rotation from the crank 56 istransmitted to the gear 148. As such, the motor 142 may maintain therotation of the gear 148 at a minimum speed, i.e., does not allow thegear 148 to rotate below the minimum speed, and the crank 56 may beselectively rotated forwardly faster than the motor 142 to rotate thegear 148 beyond the minimum speed.

The motor 142 may be used to generate electricity when the gear 148 isrotated by the crank 56 and/or during braking of the electric bicycle10. In other words, as crank 56 rotates the gear 148 forwardly, themagnets 158 move relative to the phased coils 160 and the motor 142 actsas an alternator. The motor 142 may provide electricity to the battery26 to charge the battery 26 and/or may be connected to other energystorage devices.

Since the gear 150 is fixed to the rear wheel 22, the belt 154 iscoupled to the gear 148, and the gear 148 rides on the free wheelconnection 156, the gear 148 rotates with the rear wheel 22 via the belt154. In other words, the gear 148 rotates at all times that the rearwheel 22 rotates. Accordingly, the motor 142 may be operated as analternator, as set forth above, at any time that the rear wheel 22rotates. The belt 154 and motor 142 may be developed to provideregenerative braking to the rear wheel 22.

The operation of the motor 142 as an alternator reduces the rotationalspeed of the gear 148. As such, the motor 142 may be operated as analternator to, at least in part, brake the electric bicycle 10. Themotor 142 may be operated as an alternator, for example, in a workoutmode, in which the motor 142 may provide resistance to the crank 56 byoperation of the magnets/coils 160. As the driver pedals the crank 56 toovercome the resistance, the driver is rotating the magnets 158 relativeto the coils 160 to operate the motor 142 as an alternator.

For kinetic energy recovery, the direct link between the motor 142 andthe rear wheel 22 ensures that energy flow can be fully reversed. Thefree wheel connection 156 at the crank 56 ensures that the rider maycoast while the motor 142 is turned by the kinetic energy of the riderand the electric bicycle 10.

As soon as power to the motor 142 is interrupted and/or the occupantstops pedaling, the motor 142 may switch to regeneration mode. Thismeans the electric bicycle 10 slows much faster than if coasting. It iseffectively electronically braking and a rear brake light 143 (shown inFIG. 3) is automatically switched on. As the same regeneration effecthappens when the occupant applies the brakes (stops pedaling, motor 142power is cut, regeneration mode kicks in) there is no need for aseparate brake contact switch.

The bicycle 10 may include a controller in communication with the motor142 and the brake light 143. The controller may be configured toilluminate the brake light 143 when the gear 150 drives the belt 154,i.e., when the bicycle 10 coasts. For example, with reference to FIG.28, the rear brake light 143 may be in communication with the computingdevice 28 of the bicycle 10. The computing device 28 may be programmedto illuminate the brake light 143 when the gear 150 drives the belt 154.In other words, for example, in the event the driver stops pedaling andthe bicycle 10 coasts, the gear 150 drives the belt 154 and motor 142generates energy for charging the battery 26, in such events, thecomputing device 28 may detect that the gear 150 is driving the belt 154and, in response, provides an instruction to illuminate the brake light143.

With reference to FIG. 23, the computing device 28 may be programmedwith a power regeneration control logic. As shown at block 164, thepower regeneration control logic may have three modes. Specifically, thepower regeneration control logic may be turned off, may be operated in athrottle mode, or may be operated in a pedal-assist mode. Thepedal-assist mode may be referred to as pedelec or power-assist mode.The purpose of the pedal assist mode, for example, may be to comply withrules such as European Union directive 2002/24/EC and/or EN15194 forroad-legal use of electric bicycles.

When the power regeneration control logic is turned off, the electricbicycle 10 may be propelled by manual input with the crank 56 and is notpowered with the motor 142, as shown in block 166. In the throttle mode,the electric bicycle 10 may be propelled by the motor 142 and controlledindependently of the manual input from the crank 56. As shown at block168, when power is requested, i.e., with the input operated by thedriver, the power regeneration control logic provides power to the motor142. For example, the input may be variably operated to vary the powerto the motor 142. As shown at block 168, if power is not requested, thepower regeneration control logic operates in a regeneration mode. In theregeneration mode, the rear wheel 22 of the electric bicycle 10 slowsand a brake light is activated.

When the power regeneration control logic is turned to pedal-assistmode, the electric bicycle 10 may be propelled by both the motor 142 andby manual input from the crank 56. As shown at block 170, only if thedriver pedals the crank 56, can the electric bicycle 10 be propelledwith the assistance of the motor 142 to complement the power deliveredmanually by the driver. The exact amount of power assistance iscalculated by the computing device 28. When in the pedal-assist mode,when the crank 56 is not pedaled, the power regeneration control logicoperates in a regeneration mode. In the regeneration mode, the rearwheel 22 of the electric bicycle 10 slows and the brake light isactivated.

The motor 142 may be operated to smooth the delivery of power to therear wheel 22. In other words, some drivers of the electric bicycle 10may pedal the crank 56 harder/lighter at certain rotational anglesbased, for example, on the physical dynamics of the driver. For example,some drivers may provide a “deadspot” in power to the crank 56 as therider's legs go over the top dead center of the crank 56 and provide agreater power at the downstroke.

As shown in FIGS. 19, 21, and 22, an encoder 172 may be fixed to thecrank 56 to identify “deadspots” in the rotation of the crank 56. Thisidentification of the “deadspots” may be used to operate the motor 142in the “deadspots” to smooth the travel of the electric bicycle 10.

With reference to FIGS. 24 and 25, a controller, e.g., the computingdevice 28, may be programmed with power control logic. The memory 29 ofthe computing device 28 may store instructions comprising programming toexecute the power control logic, as set forth further below. The powercontrol logic is shown in isolation in FIG. 24 and power control logicis shown incorporated into the power and regeneration control logic inFIG. 25. In other words, as shown in FIG. 25, if the power andregeneration control logic is in the pedal-assist mode, as shown inblock 164, and the crank 56 is pedaled, then the power control logic isoperated.

The power control logic may manage battery 26 life and may communicatethe state of charge of the battery 26 on a user interface 218 of thevehicle and/or a mobile device 48 such as a cell phone, navigationalunit, etc. Since cell voltage may drop under load (acceleration) and mayrecover when the load is removed, the actual state of the charge may beapproximated with the use of an algorithm.

The power control logic may be based on instantaneous and/or continuousheart rate data of the driver. The computing device 28 of the bicycle10, may be configured to receive the heart rate data. The memory 29 ofthe computing device 28, for example, may store instructions includingprogramming to receive the heart rate of the driver. With reference toFIG. 28, a heart rate monitor 145, for example, may be in communicationwith the computing device 28 and may be configured to communicate to thecomputing device 28 a heart rate signal representing a heart rate of thedriver to the controller, e.g., the computing device 28. The heart ratemonitor 145 may, for example, include contact patches that measure thepulse of the driver. For example, the contact patches may be disposed onthe handlebar 66 to measure the pulse of the driver when the drivergrips the handlebar 66. Alternatively, or in addition, the heart ratemonitor may be of any suitable form, e.g., a wristwatch, a chest strap,etc.

The heart rate monitor 145 may be used to allow for a “last-milecool-down” when used with location data, such as GPS data. Specifically,the electric bicycle 10 may be programmed to provide increasedassistance during the final stretch of the journey. This may help ensurethat the driver does not arrive at the destination in a sub-optimalhygienic condition, e.g., sweaty.

The power control logic may be based on planned and/or continuousjourney data. The journey distance may be communicated from a mobiledevice 48, such as a cell phone, navigational unit, etc., or when theelectric bicycle 10 is docked to a mobile device 48 or vehicle 12. Thepower control logic may use journey data such as altitude, topography,road condition, lights, traffic, etc., to improve energy usagepredictions. The power control logic may receive live updates during thejourney. The electric bicycle 10 may be connected to the mobile device48 in any suitable fashion such as USB, wireless (Bluetooth, NFC, etc.),etc.

The power control logic may use a global positioning system (GPS) moduleto provide maximum available assistance during the final stretch, e.g.,the final planned mile, of the route. The memory 29 may storeinstructions including programming to receive a destination distance ofthe bicycle relative to a predetermined position, i.e., the distancebetween the bicycle 10 and the predetermined destination. Thecontroller, e.g., the computing device 28, may be programmed to receivethe destination distance of the bicycle 10 relative to the predetermineddestination. For example, a location device may be configured tocommunicate to the controller the destination distance of the electricbicycle 10 relative to the predetermined destination. The locationdevice may, for example, be the mobile device 48. The mobile device 48may, for example, include a GPS receiver and may transmit GPSinformation to the computing device 28.

The computing device 28 may modify the power output of the battery 26based on the destination distance to provide sufficient state of chargeto reach the destination. The memory 29 may store instructions includingprogramming to provide instructions to adjust power to the motor 142based at least on the heart rate signal and the destination distance.The computing device 28, may be programmed to provide instruction, e.g.,instruction directly to the motor 142, to adjust power to the motor 142based at least on the heart rate signal and the destination distance.For example, the computing device 28 may be programmed to provideinstruction to increase power to the motor 142 as the bicycle 10 nearsthe predetermined destination, e.g., when the destination distance iswithin a predetermined range, and the heart rate signal is above apredetermined level, the computing device 28. Values for thepredetermined range and the predetermined level of the heart rate signalmay be stored in the memory 29 of the computing device 28.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to provide instruction toadjust power to the motor 142 based on a charge level of the battery 26,in addition to the heart rate signal and the destination distance. Thememory 29 may store instructions including programming to increase powerto the motor 142 based at least on the heart rate signal and thedestination distance. In other words, the computing device 28 may beprogrammed to provide instruction to increase power to the motor 142when the destination distance is within the predetermined range, theheart rate signal is above the predetermined level, and the charge levelof the battery 26 is above a predetermined level.

The power control logic matches motor 142 output to input settings,which may be a throttle mode or a pedal-assist mode. The input settingmay be measured with a torque/position sensor. The power control logicmeasures the state of charge of the battery 26 and protects the battery26 against over-charge, under-charge, excessive charge rates, andexcessive discharge rates.

The user interface 218 and/or mobile device 48 may present the driverwith options to engage the automatic power control logic setting or not(block 174 of FIG. 24). If the driver chooses not to use the automaticpower control logic setting, then the power control logic fulfils afunction of providing power to the motor 142 as per power request andavailable battery 26 power within pre-programmed parameters.

If the driver chooses to use the automatic power control logic setting,then the power control logic queries inputs to calculate the remainingjourney power requirement. The power control logic then compares thispower requirement to the actual power remaining in the battery 26. Ifthere is insufficient charge in the battery 26 to reach the destination,the power control logic engages a program subroutine to reduce the powerto the motor 142 appropriately to ensure an equal amount of power isdistributed over the remaining journey, instead of running out of powerbefore reaching the destination. If topographical data is available,then the control logic may conserve energy to accommodate for elevationchanges in the final leg of the journey.

If, towards the end of the journey, the state of the battery 26 exceedsthe predetermined level, e.g., the charge required to provide the energyfor the remaining journey at power assistance supplied, i.e., dischargerate, then the power control logic may engage another subroutine thatincreases the power assist by the motor 142 towards the end of thejourney to allow the driver's heart rate to drop and reach thedestination with minimal breathlessness and sweatiness, e.g., ready forwork in an office. The controller routine can also be set to forceconservation of energy (reduce assistance) earlier in the journey ifrequired in order to ensure the power increase can be available towardsthe end.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to progressively increasepower to the motor 142 as the destination distance decreases. Forexample, the memory 29 may store instructions including programming toprogressively increase power to the motor 142 as the destinationdistance decreases. This assists the driver in reaching the destinationwith minimal breathlessness and sweatiness. The computing device 28 maybe programmed to, e.g. the memory 29 may store instructions includingprogramming to, determine the amount of power increase and the rapidityof the progression of the power increase based at least on thedestination distance, topography, traffic conditions, traffic lightpatterns, etc., as set forth further below.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to, e.g., the memory 29 maystore instructions including programming to, determine a maximum cooldown distance based at least on the charge level of the battery 26. Thecomputing device 28 may provide instruction to increase power to themotor 142 when the destination distance is less than the maximum cooldown distance, i.e., the motor 142 provides additional pedalingassistance to the driver when the bicycle 10 is in the occupant selectedcool down distance. This helps ensure that the battery 26 has sufficientcharge to reach the predetermined destination while reducing the heartrate of the driver.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to, e.g., the memory 29 maystore instructions including programming to, calculate the maximum cooldown distance based on several factors that may reduce the charge of thebattery. For example, the computing device 28 may be programmed todetermine the maximum cool down distance based at least on topographybetween the bicycle 10 and the predetermined destination, trafficconditions between the bicycle 10 and the predetermined destination,traffic light patterns between the bicycle 10 and the predetermineddestination, etc. The mobile device 48, for example, may provide thetopography, traffic conditions, traffic light patterns, etc., to thecomputing device 28. The computing device 28 may be programmed toreceive at least one of topography, traffic conditions, and trafficlight patterns communicated to the computing device 28 from the mobiledevice 48, e.g., a mobile phone. The mobile device 48 may have a programor application that accesses databases that include information such astopography, traffic conditions, traffic light patterns, etc., and mayprovide information to the computing device 28 based on the location ofthe bicycle 10 and a route to the predetermined destination.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to, e.g., the memory 29 maystore instructions including programming to, receive an occupantselected cool down distance and to provide instruction to increase powerto the motor 142 when the destination distance is less than the occupantselected cool down distance, i.e., the motor 142 provides additionalpedaling assistance to the driver when the bicycle 10 is in the occupantselected cool down distance. The driver may, for example, input theoccupant selected cool down distance into the mobile device 48 and themobile device may communicate the occupant selected cool down distanceto the computing device 28. The computing device 28 may be programmed tocompare the occupant selected cool down distance with the maximum cooldown distance.

If the occupant selected cool down distance is less than the maximumcool down distance calculated by the computing device 28, the computingdevice 28 may operate based on the occupant selected cool down distance.If the occupant selected cool down distance is greater than the maximumcool down distance, the computing device 28 may be programmed tooverride the occupant selected cool down distance. For example, in sucha scenario, the computing device 28 may provide instruction to increasepower to the motor 142 when the bicycle 10 is in the maximum cool downdistance, instead of the occupant selected cool down distance.Alternatively, when the occupant selected cool down distance is greaterthan the maximum cool down distance, the computing device 28 mayinstruct the mobile device 48 to reject the entry of the occupantselected cool down distance and prompt the driver to select anotheroccupant selected cool down distance. In this scenario, the computingdevice 28 may instruct the mobile device 48 to display the maximum cooldown distance to assist the driver in choosing the occupant selectedcool down distance to be less than the maximum cool down distance.

The computing device 28 may be programmed to, e.g., the memory 29 maystore instructions including programming to, identify a baseline heartrate of the driver before operation of the bicycle 10 by the driver. Forexample, before operating the bicycle 10, the driver may contact theheart rate monitor 145 for a predetermined amount of time and thecomputing device 28 may receive the heart rate signal and calculate thebaseline heart rate, e.g., the resting heart rate of the driver. Thecomputing device 28 may be programmed to provide instructions toincrease power to the motor 142 based at least on the heart rate signalrelative to the baseline heart rate. For example, as the bicycle 10approaches the predetermined destination, the computing device 28 mayprovide instructions to the motor 142 to increase pedaling assistance tolower the heart rate signal to the baseline heart rate. The computingdevice 28 may perform a feedback loop to continuously monitor the heartrate signal relative to the baseline heart rate.

As shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, an automatic mode of the power controllogic may be turned on or off in block 174. When the automatic mode isturned off, the power control logic calculates the power output androtates the gear 148 to drive the electric bicycle 10. When theautomatic mode is turned on, the power control logic calculates thepower required for the remaining journey, as shown in block 176. Thiscalculation may be based on instantaneous power request, historicaljourney power usage, remaining journey distance, remaining journeytopography, traffic, etc. When the power required for the remainingjourney is calculated, the power control logic calculates whether thebattery 26 has sufficient charge to satisfy the power for the remainingjourney, as shown in block 178. This calculation is based on the stateof charge of the battery 26.

If the charge of the battery 26 is sufficient, then the power controllogic tracks when the electric bicycle 10 nears the destination within apredetermined distance. When the power control logic determines that theelectric bicycle 10 is not within the predetermined distance of thedestination, the power control logic calculates the power output to themotor 142, as shown in block 180, and provides power to the motor 142,as shown in block 182. When the power control logic determines that theelectric bicycle 10 is within the predetermined distance of thedestination, the power control logic calculates a sweat-down poweradjust, as shown in block 184, e.g., to provide additional power to themotor 142 to allow the driver to cool down during the last leg of thetrip. The sweat-down power adjust may be based on a measurement of theinstantaneous heart rate of the driver. Based on the sweat-down poweradjust, the power control logic calculates the power output and providesthe power to the motor 142.

As shown in block 186, when the power control logic calculates that thecharge of the battery 26 is not sufficient to reach the destination, thepower control logic calculates range-increase power adjust. Based onthis calculation, the power control logic calculates the power outputand provides the power to the motor 142.

As shown in FIG. 28, the electric bicycle 10 may include a communicationsystem 200. The communication system 200 is configured to simultaneouslysend and process data between the computing device 28 and the mobiledevice 48 and/or a user input device 202 of the vehicle 12.Specifically, the computing device 28 of the electric bicycle 10 mayroutinely perform status checks of one or more components/systems of theelectric bicycle 10 such as state of battery charge, range of travel,frame 14 unfold check, tire pressure, active safety systems, etc. Thesestatuses may be displayed to the driver, e.g., before a journey begins,on the mobile device 48 or an instrument panel of the vehicle 12. Theuser input device 202 may, for example, include a multimedia system ofthe vehicle 12, including a processor, memory, a user interface 218,such as a graphical user interface and/or input buttons, etc.

As shown in FIG. 26, the communication system 200 may include thecomputing device 28 of the bicycle 10 and a connection 204. Theprocessor 31 of the computing device 28 may be programmed to communicatewith the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 when the bicycle 10 isdocked to the vehicle 12. The processor 31 may be programmed to alsocommunicate with the mobile device 48, in addition to the user inputdevice 202, when the bicycle 10 is undocked from the vehicle 12. In sucha configuration, the processor 31 may be programmed to provide three-waycommunication between the user input device 202 of the vehicle, thecomputing device 28 of the bicycle 10, and the mobile device 48, i.e.,may allow communication from any one of the of the user input device 202of the vehicle, the computing device 28 of the bicycle 10, and themobile device 48 to the other two.

As shown in FIG. 26B, the communication system 200 may operate in avehicle mode, in which the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 is incommunication with the computing device 28 and controls the statuschecks, or in a remote mode (also shown in FIG. 26A), in which themobile device 48 controls the status checks. The communication system200 may automatically switch between the vehicle mode and the remotemode when the electric bicycle 10 is removed from or entered into thevehicle 12. For example, the processor 31 may be programmed toautomatically communicate with the user input device 202 of the vehicle12 when the bicycle 10 is docked to the vehicle 12 and to automaticallydiscontinue communication with the mobile device 48 when the bicycle 10is docked to the vehicle 12. Alternatively, or in addition, thecommunication system 200 may be manually switched between the vehiclemode and the remote mode, e.g., by manual input from the driver to theuser input device 202 of the vehicle 12 and/or through the mobile device48. For example, the processor may be programmed to receive aninstruction to establish communication with at least one of the userinput device 202 of the vehicle and the mobile device 48, e.g., bymanual input from the driver to the user input device 202 of the vehicle12 and/or through the mobile device 48.

As shown in FIG. 28, the electric bicycle 10 includes a connection 204between the communication system 200 and the user input device 202 ofthe vehicle 12 and/or between the mobile device 48. The connection 204may be a wireless connection 204, e.g., through wireless protocol suchas Bluetooth, or may be a wired connection 204, e.g., USB connection204. The connection 204 may be in communication with the battery 26 forproviding communication between the battery 26 and the user input device202 and/or between the mobile device 48.

In the vehicle mode, the electric bicycle 10 may be connected to thevehicle 12 and to the mobile device 48. In other words, the computingdevice 28 may communicate directly with the user input device 202 and tothe mobile device 48. This communication between the computing device 28and the user input device 202 and/or the mobile device 48 may be wiredand/or wireless. The vehicle 12 may send, receive, and/or link data fromthe electric bicycle 10 to the mobile device 48, as set forth below.

In the vehicle mode, the computing device 28 of the electric bicycle 10may be in communication with the vehicle 12 through the connection 204when the electric bicycle 10 is docked to the vehicle 12. For example,the electric bicycle 10 may be docked with the vehicle 12, as set forthbelow. When the electric bicycle 10 is docked, the computing device 28of the electric bicycle 10 may communicate with the user input device202 of the vehicle 12 through the connection 204. For example, thecomputing device 28 may communicate the status checks through theconnection 204 to the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12. The userinput device 202 may communicate with the computing device 28 throughappropriate software. A vehicle manufacturer may either provide an opensource programming interface for the bicycle computing device 28. Themanufacturer may devise and upload their own application to the userinput device 202 or the manufacturer may program the interface routinedirectly into their multimedia communications protocol of the user inputdevice 202.

The user input device 202 may control the computing device 28 throughthe connection 204 when the communication system 200 is in the vehiclemode. The processor 31 may be programmed to communicate information fromone of the user input device 202 and the mobile device 48 to the otherof the user input device 202 and the mobile device 48 when the bicycle10 is docked to the vehicle 12. The user input device 202 may mirror thecommunication from the computing device 28 to the mobile device 48 whenthe communication system 200 is in the vehicle mode. For example, theuser input device 202 may communicate the information to be mirroredthrough a typical connection 204 with the mobile device 48 such asBluetooth, USB, etc. The user input device 202 may merge data to thecomputing device 28 including parking information, congestioninformation, toll road information, weather information, topographyinformation, etc. When in remote mode, the mobile device 48 may mergedata to the computing device 28 including parking information,topography information, etc.

In the remote mode, the electric bicycle 10 may be connected to themobile device 48, and in such a configuration, the mobile device 48 maybe connected to the vehicle 12. In other words, the computing device 28may communicate directly with the mobile device 48. The communicationbetween the computing device 28 and the mobile device 48 may be wiredand/or wireless. If the mobile device 48 is in the vehicle 12, then themobile device 48 may also communicate with the mobile device and send,receive, and/or link data from the electric bicycle 10 to the user inputdevice 202.

When the communication system 200 operates in the remote mode, as shownin FIGS. 26A and 26B, the mobile device 48 may be connected to theelectric bicycle 10, e.g., through the connection 204. In the remotemode, the computing device 28 of the electric bicycle 10 may communicatewith the mobile device 48 through the connection 204. For example, thecomputing device 28 may communicate the status checks through theconnection 204 to the mobile device 48 of the vehicle 12. The mobiledevice 48 may control the computing device 28 through the connection 204when the communication system 200 is in the remote mode. The mobiledevice 48 may mirror the communication from the computing device 28 tothe user input device 202 when the communication system 200 is in theremote mode. For example, the mobile device 48 may communicate theinformation to be mirrored through a typical connection 204 with theuser input device 202 such as Bluetooth, USB, etc.

As set forth above, the communication system 200 may be automaticallyswitched between the vehicle mode and the remote mode. Control of thecomputing device 28 is passed from the user input device 202 to themobile device 48 when the electric bicycle 10 is removed from thevehicle 12, and control of the computing device 28 is passed from themobile device 48 to the user input device 202 when the electric bicycle10 is entered into the vehicle 12.

The connection 204 may be configured to communicate with both the userinput device 202 and the mobile device 48. The same connection 204 maybe compatible with both the user input device 202 and the mobile device48 and, thus, the same connection 204 may be used in both the vehiclemode and the remote mode, thereby reducing costs by using a singleconnection 204. The common connection 204 also ensures that any eventsor updates may be passed directly from the mobile device 48 to thevehicle 12 and/or from the vehicle 12 to the mobile device 48 whencontrol of the computing device 28 is switched between the vehicle 12and the mobile device 48.

As set forth above, the communication system 200 may include thecomputing device 28, including the processor 31 and the memory 29. Thememory may store instructions comprising programming to detect when thebicycle 10 is docked to the vehicle 12 and detect when the bicycle 10 isundocked from the vehicle 12. The instructions comprise programming tocommunicate with the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 when thebicycle 10 is docked to the vehicle 12 and communicate with the mobiledevice 48 when the bicycle 10 is undocked from the vehicle 12. As setforth above, the data may pertain to at least one of battery charge,travel range, frame unfold check, tire pressure, and active safetysystem.

The instructions may comprise programming to automatically switchcommunication with the computing device 28 from the user input device202 of the vehicle 12 to the mobile device 48 when the bicycle 10 isundocked from the vehicle 12. Alternatively, or in addition, as setforth above, the instructions may include programming to manually switchcommunication with the computing device 28 from the user input device202 of the vehicle 12 to the mobile device 48, e.g., by input to themobile device 48 and or the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12.

Similarly, the instructions may comprise programming to automaticallyswitch communication with the computing device 28 from the mobile device48 to the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 when the bicycle 10 isdocked to the vehicle 12. Alternatively, or in addition, as set forthabove, the instructions may include programming to manually switchcommunication with the computing device 28 from the mobile device 48 tothe user input device 202 of the vehicle 12, e.g., by input to themobile device 48 and or the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12.

The instructions may comprise programming to communicate data from oneof the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 and the mobile device 48to the other of the user input device 202 and the mobile device 48 whenthe bicycle 10 is docked to the vehicle 12. In other words, as set forthabove, when the communication system 200 is in the vehicle mode, datamay be communicated between the mobile device 48 and the user inputdevice 202 of the vehicle 12. The instructions may comprise programmingto provide three-way communication between the user input device 202 ofthe vehicle 12, the computing device 28 of the bicycle 10, and themobile device 48, i.e., may allow communication from any one of the ofthe user input device 202 of the vehicle, the computing device 28 of thebicycle 10, and the mobile device 48 to the other two.

A method 350 of operating the communication system 200 is shown in FIG.30. With reference to FIG. 30, the method includes detecting the bicycle10 being docked to the vehicle 12, as shown in block 352.

As shown in block 354, the method 350 includes communicating databetween the computing device 28 of the bicycle 10 and the user inputdevice 202 of the vehicle 12, i.e., with the communication system 200 invehicle mode. As set forth above, this communication may be automatic,as shown in FIG. 30. Alternatively, as set forth above, thiscommunication may be initiated manually, e.g., by input to the userinput device 202 and/or the mobile device 48. The method may includedisplaying the data on the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12, asshown in block 356.

While the communication system 200 is in vehicle mode, the method mayinclude communicating data between the mobile device 48 and the userinput device 202 of the vehicle 12 and/or the computing device 28 of thebicycle 10, as shown in block 358. The data may be displayed on themobile device 48, as shown in block 360.

The method may include detecting the bicycle 10 being undocked from thevehicle 12, as shown in block 362. As shown in block 364, the method mayinclude discontinuing communication between the computing device 28 ofthe bicycle 10 and the user input device 202 of the vehicle 12 andcommunicating data between the mobile device 48 and computing device 28of the bicycle 10, i.e., with the communication system 200 in the remotemode. As set forth above, this communication, i.e., switching from thevehicle mode to the remote mode, may be automatic or may be manuallyinitiated, e.g., with input to the mobile device 48 and/or the userinput device 202. This data may be displayed on the mobile device 48, asshown in block 366. As shown in FIG. 30, the method may be restarted ifthe docking of the bicycle 10 to the vehicle 12 is detected again whilethe communication system is in the remote mode. The switching of thecommunication system 200 from the remote mode to the vehicle mode may beautomatic when the docking of the bicycle 10 with the vehicle 12 isdetected.

With reference to FIG. 29, when the electric bicycle 10 is docked withthe vehicle 12, a power source of the vehicle 12, e.g., a battery 206,may charge the battery 26 of the electric bicycle 10. As one example, asshown in FIGS. 26B and 27, the vehicle 12 may include a docking system208 having a lift arm 210 for connecting to and lifting the electricbicycle 10 into the vehicle 12. With reference to FIG. 32, the lift arm210 may have electrical connections 212 in communication with thebattery 206 of the vehicle 12. The electric connections 212 of the liftarm 210 may mate with electrical connections 214 of the electric bicycle10, e.g., in the fork 68 or seat post 76 of the electric bicycle 10, toelectrically connect the battery 206 of the vehicle 12 with the electricbicycle 10. The electrical connections 214 of the electric bicycle 10may be in communication with the battery 26 of the electric bicycle 10.

The user input device 202 and/or the mobile device 48 of the vehicle 12may be in communication with the electrical connection 212 of the liftarm 210 for monitoring and/or displaying the state of charge of thebattery 26 of the electric bicycle 10. The user input device 202 and/orthe mobile device 48 may be in communication with the computing device28 of the electric bicycle 10 through the lift arm 210 to monitor and/ordisplay tire pressure, state of charge of the battery 26, travel range,brake pad status, etc.

The docking system may be of any suitable type. For example, the dockingsystem may be that which is disclosed on U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/337,283 filed on Jul. 22, 2014 and entitled “Internal VehicleDocking Arm and Storage,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

As set forth above, the battery 26 may be supported in the seat tube 82of the seat post 76 of the seat assembly 18, which may be removable fromthe post 80. With reference to FIG. 34, the vehicle 12 may include avehicle charging console 90 for receiving the seat tube 82 of the seatpost 76 to connect with and charge the battery 26. The vehicle chargingconsole 90 may, for example, be located on the center console of thevehicle 12. The vehicle charging console 90 may be connected to a CANbus of the vehicle 12. The CAN bus may monitor the state of charge ofthe battery 26 of the electric bicycle 10.

The battery 26 of the electric bicycle 10 may supply power to thevehicle 12 through the vehicle charging console 90. For example, in theevent that the battery 206 of the vehicle 12 is dead, the battery 26 ofthe electric bicycle 10 may be engaged with the vehicle charging console90 to power hazard lights, interior lights, automatic locks, automaticwindows, etc. The battery 26 of the electric bicycle 10 may be used tojump-start the vehicle 12 and/or trickle charge the battery 206 of thevehicle 12.

The vehicle 12 may use navigational data, e.g., SATNAV overlays, tocalculate the travel range based on the state of charge of the battery26. The vehicle 12 may advise the driver, e.g., through the user inputdevice 202, when the vehicle 12 is in sufficient range to park thevehicle 12 and reach the destination on the electric bicycle 10 withbattery 26 power based on the state of charge of the battery 26.

The battery 26 may be charged with the use of an external chargingconsole 91 (shown in FIGS. 26B, 27, and 35), e.g., a desk charger. Theexternal charging console 91 may be powered, for example, through a wallelectrical socket, through USB connection 204 on a personal computer orlaptop computer, etc. For example, the external charging module may beconfigured to receive the seat tube 82 of the seat post 76 of the seatassembly 18. The external charging console 91 may include indicators,such as lights, that indicate the state of charge of the battery 26.

In the alternative to the vehicle mode, the computing device 28 of theelectric bicycle 10 may be selectively connected and unconnected fromthe vehicle 12 and/or the mobile device 48, as shown in FIG. 27. In sucha configuration, the computing device 28 and the battery 26 may behoused in the post 80 of the seat post 76. With continued reference toFIG. 27, the post 80, in combination with the rest of the electricbicycle 10 or separate from the rest of the electric bicycle 10, may bedocked with the vehicle 12. For example, the post 80 may be removed fromthe rest of the electric bicycle 10 and docked to the vehicle chargingconsole 90, as shown in FIG. 34. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 27, thepost 80 may be docked with the external charging device 91 (also shownin FIG. 35).

When connected to the vehicle charging console 90 or the externalcharging device 91, the battery 26 and/or the computing device 28communicate with the vehicle charging console 90 and the externalcharging device 91, respectively. Specifically, when the pose 80 isdocked with the vehicle charging console 90, data is sent to the userinput device 202. The user input device 202 may overlay this data with aplanned journey destination and provides information via the userinterface 218 if there is enough charge, and allows the user to chooseoptions, for example, to engage a sweat down mode, etc. This data isthen mirrored to the mobile device 48 when the user leaves the vehicle12. The system then remains in charge mode, despite being remote fromthe vehicle 12. The mobile device 48 still uses the last connection ofthe battery 28 with the vehicle 12 and extrapolated battery usage andall user selections. In line with the user input device 202 calculationsand user selections, the mobile device 48 may then use the locationcapability (e.g., GPS) of the mobile device 48 to overlay with thepre-programmed journey (mirrored from the user input device 202 at exit)to instruct the user which power settings on the electric bicycle 10should be used at what point in the journey. Similarly, at the returnjourney, if the battery 26 was docked and charged with the externalcharging device 91, then the external charging device 91 may beconnected to the mobile device to update a range prediction for thecorrect control of the pre-programmed return journey.

Alternatively, in FIG. 27, the mobile device 48 may process all data.During a journey of the vehicle 12, the mobile device 48 receives thejourney destination from the vehicle 12 and the electric bicycle 10state of charge and health check. In such a configuration, allcalculations may be performed on the mobile device 48.

With reference to FIG. 36, the electric bicycle 10 may include lights220 for illuminating a zone around the electric bicycle 10 on thedriving surface. The lights 220 may be, for example, LED, such as 5 WLEDs, or lasers, such as 1 W slot lasers. The lights 220 may includefour lights 220, i.e., one for each of the front left, front right, rearleft, and rear right quadrants of the vehicle 12. The lights 220 may beorange and/or red. The lights 220 may be used during reduced visibilityor at night.

The lights 220 may be used continuously, when turning, during a violentswerve, and/or during an emergency brake. The lights 220 may be usedcontinuously during operation to identify a safety zone round theelectric bicycle 10, e.g., indicating a zone that should not be crossedby other road users. This safety zone moves with the electric bicycle10. The illuminated driving surface provides an increased surface areathat is illuminated, which increases visibility. The illuminated drivingsurface may also illuminate imperfections in the driving surface.

The lights 220 may be used when turning to illuminate the zone to theside of the direction of turn. When turning, these lights 220 may blinkand may be amber in color. The operation of the lights 220 duringturning may be controlled with a switch on the handlebars, e.g., arotary switch, or a separate on-off toggle switch. During a violentswerve and/or during an emergency brake, the lights 220 identifying thezone on the driving surface may strobe or change color.

With reference to FIG. 37, the bicycle 10 may include a system 67including a visual, audible, and/or haptic feedback device to providewarning to the occupant of the bicycle 10. In other words, withreference to FIG. 38, the system 67 may be a swerve assist system foridentifying to the driver riding the electric bicycle 10 when anovercoming vehicle 222 is approaching, as shown in FIG. 40. It should beappreciated that the values provided in FIG. 39 are merely provided forexample.

With reference to FIG. 38, as set forth above, occupants may share alane of a road with other vehicles 222, such as automobiles. The othervehicles 222 may travel faster than the occupant, thus forcing theoccupant to ride on a side of the road to allow the other vehicles 222to pass. However, the side of the road may include obstacles such aspotholes, manhole covers, rubbish, other bicycles, walking pedestrians,etc. As such, the occupant may, at times, have to swerve from the sideof the road into the middle of the road. The swerve assist systemidentifies when overcoming vehicles 222 are present and communicates thepresence of the overcoming vehicle 222 to the driver to indicate to thedriver that a collision with the overcoming vehicle 222 will occur ifthe driver swerves.

The handlebar 66, for example, may include vibration generators 71 forselectively vibrating to provide haptic direction to the driver. Thevibration generators 71 may be supported by the handlebar 66.Specifically, one vibration generator 71 may be disposed in each of theleft-hand side and the right-hand side of the handlebar 66 for providingvibration to the left hand and the right hand of the occupant,respectively. The operation of the vibration generators 71 allow theoccupant to remain visually focused on the driving surface and traffic.The vibration generators 71 may be of any suitable type.

The system 67 may alone, or in combination other systems, scan ahead ofthe electric bicycle 10 to warn the driver of upcoming obstacles to aidthe driver to preemptively adjust speed and/or take other evasiveaction. The system 67 may also calculate if swerving, braking, orcollision is the safest option. The system 67 may inform the driver ofthe safest option and/or may initiate a response.

The system 67 may include one or more sensors to detect vehicles and/orother obstacles on the road. For example the system 67 may include asensor 69 configured to sense an overcoming vehicle, e.g., a vehicletravelling at a pace faster than the bicycle 10 and passing the bicycle10 from behind, as schematically shown in FIG. 40. The sensor 69 mayface rearwardly to detect overcoming vehicles. The sensor 69 may be anultrasonic sensor or any other suitable type of sensor. The sensor 69may, for example, be supported by the frame 14 of the bicycle 10.

In addition, or in the alternative, the system 67 may include anothersensor 75 configured to detect an upcoming obstacle, e.g., vehicles,potholes, manhole covers, rubbish, other bicycles, walking pedestrians,etc. The sensor 75 may face forwardly to detect the upcoming obstacle.The sensor 75 may be an ultrasonic sensor or any other suitable type ofsensor. The sensor 75 may, for example, be supported by the frame 14 ofthe bicycle 10.

The system 67 may include a controller 73 configured to activate thevibration generators 71 when the sensor 69 detects an overcoming vehicleand/or when the sensor 75 detects an upcoming obstacle. The controller73, for example, may be the computing device 28, as set forth furtherbelow. As set forth above, the computing device 28 may include theprocessor 31 and the memory 29. Alternatively, the controller 73 may beof any suitable type.

The controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may be programmed toinstruct the vibration generator 71 to vibrate with at least one of apredetermined magnitude and a predetermined pattern when the computingdevice 28 estimates that the overcoming vehicle will reach the bicycle10 before the bicycle 10 reaches the upcoming obstacle. The initiationand duration of vibration to each side of the handlebars 66 may bedetermined based on haptic navigation code. One example of theinitiation and duration of vibration for various conditions is shown inFIG. 39.

Similarly, the controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may beprogrammed to estimate whether the bicycle 10 will reach the upcomingobstacle before the overcoming vehicle will reach the bicycle 10. Thecontroller, e.g., the computing device 28, estimates based on acomparison of a distance and approach speed of the overcoming vehiclewith the distance and approach speed of the upcoming obstacle. Thecontroller, e.g., the computing device 28, may perform a feedback loopon the estimation.

Based on the speed of the electric bicycle 10 and the distance from theovercoming vehicle 222, the data processor applies an algorithm todetermine whether the driver is clear to swerve or is not clear and mustmaintain position driving at the side of the road. Specifically, asignal processor algorithm may compare data from the sensors 69, 75 withpre-programmed scenarios and continuously outputs one of two signalstates: “Yes” clear to swerve or “No” not clear to swerve. The signalstates are communicated to the driver visually, e.g., an illuminatedband around the handlebars, haptically, e.g., through vibration of thehandlebars such as with the vibration generators set forth above, and/oraudibly, e.g., beeping.

The controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may be programmed tocalculate an instruction to perform one of swerving, braking, collidingwith the upcoming obstacle, and colliding with the overcoming vehicle.Specifically, the controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may beprogrammed to instruct the vibration generator 71 to vibrate with atleast one of a predetermined magnitude and a predetermined pattern toidentify the instruction to perform one of swerving, braking, collidingwith the upcoming obstacle, and colliding with the overcoming vehicle222.

The vibration of the vibration generators 71 may be combined with visualinstructions displayed on the mobile device 48. As set forth above, themobile device 48 may be a mobile phone. Alternatively, the mobile device48 may be of any suitable type. In addition to, or in the alternativeto, a haptic warning, the controller, e.g., the computing device 28, mayinstruct the mobile device 48 to visually display the warning, e.g.,with text, graphics, etc. The driver may select or remove the warningand may change the threshold for such warnings through a graphical userinterface of the mobile device 48. Such warnings, for example, mayinclude tire pressure, brake pad level, battery and/or motortemperature, incorrect latching when unfolding, drowsiness detection,etc.

In addition, or in the alternative, the mobile device 48 may receiveincoming communication, e.g., a telephone call, text message, email,etc., may instruct the system 67 of the incoming communication. Thecontroller of the system 67, e.g., the computing device 28, may beconfigured to receive the instruction from the mobile device 48indicating the incoming communication and, in response, may beconfigured to instruct the vibration generators 71 to vibrate to alertthe driver to the incoming communication.

In addition, or in the alternative, the mobile device 48 may providenavigation assistance on the graphical user interface of the mobiledevice 48. In such a configuration, the mobile device 48 may communicatedata to the computing device 28 and the computing device 28 may, inturn, instruct the vibration generators 71 to vibrate to identifynavigational directions, points of interest (e.g., charge points, coffeeshops, etc.), etc.

The system 67 may include a light source, e.g., lights 220. Thecontroller, e.g., the computing device 28, may be configured toilluminate the light source when the sensor 69 detects the overcomingvehicle 222. This illumination may alert the driver of the overcomingvehicle 222 of the presence of the bicycle 10. For example, the swerveassist system may be used to warn the overcoming vehicle 222 that thedriver is about to be forced to swerve due to an upcoming obstacle. Forexample, a light, e.g., light 220, on the electric bicycle 10 maystrobe, light up an area of the road that the driver must swerve into,etc. The electric bicycle 10 may sound an audible warning, such as ahorn, to alert the overcoming vehicle 222.

The system 67 may be configured to provide pedaling instruction to thedriver, e.g., pedaling cadence, through the vibration generators 71. Forexample, the controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may beconfigured to instruct the vibration generators 71 to vibrate slowly toindicate to the driver to slow pedaling and may vibrate quickly toindicate to the driver to quicken pedaling. For example, the computingdevice 28 may provide these instructions to slow or quicken the pedalingto keep a pace, keep a workout regimen, preserve battery life, etc.

The system 67 may provide security to the bicycle 10. For example, thesystem 67 may be configured to detect unauthorized use and, in response,the controller, e.g., the computing device 28, may be configured toinstruct the vibration generators 71 to vibrate at an uncomfortablefrequency to deter the unauthorized use. In addition, the system 67 maysound an alarm horn and/or may increase the drivetrain resistance.

With reference to FIG. 37, in the configuration where the controller ofthe system 67 is the computing device 28, the memory 29 of the computingdevice 28 may include instructions including programming to receive datafrom the sensor 69 indicating that an overcoming vehicle 222 isapproaching the bicycle 10, as shown in block 320 of FIG. 38. As shownin block 322, the instructions may include programming to instruct thevibration generator 71 to vibrate when the sensor 69 detects theovercoming vehicle 222.

With reference to FIG. 38, as shown in block 324, the instructions mayalso include programming to receive data from the sensor 75 indicatingthat the bicycle is approaching an upcoming obstacle. As shown in block326, the instructions include programming to estimate whether thebicycle 10 will reach the upcoming obstacle before the overcomingvehicle 222 will reach the bicycle 10. This estimate may be based on acomparison of a distance and approach speed of the overcoming vehicle222 with the distance and approach speed of the upcoming obstacle, asshown in block 328. As shown in FIG. 37, the instructions may includeprogramming to perform a feedback loop on the estimate, i.e., torepeatedly compare the distance and approach speed of the overcomingvehicle 222 with the distance and approach speed of the upcomingobstacle at a repeated time interval.

As shown in block 322, the instructions may include programming toinstruct the vibration generator 71 to vibrate with at least one of apredetermined magnitude and a predetermined pattern when the controller,e.g., the computing device 28, estimates that the overcoming vehicle 222will reach the bicycle 10 before the bicycle 10 reaches the upcomingobstacle. Specifically, the instructions may include programming tocalculate an instruction to the driver to perform one of swerving,braking, colliding with the upcoming obstacle, and colliding with theovercoming vehicle 222. Specifically, the instructions may includeprogramming to instruct the vibration generator 71 to vibrate with atleast one of a predetermined magnitude and a predetermined pattern toidentify the instruction to perform one of swerving, braking, collidingwith the upcoming obstacle, and colliding with the overcoming vehicle222. In other words, each instruction to the driver, e.g., swerve,brake, collide with upcoming obstacle, collide with overcoming vehicle222, may be assigned a unique and predetermined vibration magnitudeand/or pattern. The driver of the bicycle 10 may be familiarized withthe unique and predetermined vibration magnitude and/or pattern, e.g.,from an owner's manual, and may take the appropriate action based on thevibration.

As shown in block 330, the instructions may include programming toilluminate the light source, e.g., lights 220, when the sensor 69detects the overcoming vehicle 222. For example the instructions mayinclude programming to increase the intensity and/or blinking pace ofthe lights 220 as the overcoming vehicle 222 moves closer to the bicycle10. As set forth above, the illumination may alert the driver of theovercoming vehicle 222 of the presence of the bicycle 10.

As shown in block 332, the instructions may include programming tocommunicate data to a mobile device. For example, as set forth above,visual instructions may be displayed on the mobile device 48, e.g., amobile phone. Specifically, the instructions may include programming toinstruct the mobile device 48 to visually display the warning, e.g.,with text, graphics, etc. As set forth above, the driver may select orremove the warning and may change the threshold for such warningsthrough a graphical user interface of the mobile device 48.

The instructions may include programming to receive identification ofincoming communication from the mobile device, e.g., a telephone call,text message, email, etc., and may instruct the vibration generators 71to vibrate to alert the driver to the incoming communication.

In addition, or in the alternative, the instructions may includeprogramming to receive navigational instructions from the mobile device48. In such a configuration, the mobile device 48 may communicate datato the computing device 28 and the computing device 28 may includeinstructions that include programming to instruct the vibrationgenerators 71 to vibrate to identify navigational directions, points ofinterest (e.g., charge points, coffee shops, etc.), etc.

The instructions may include programming to instruct the vibrationgenerator to vibrate with at least one of a different frequency and adifferent duration when the sensor 69 detects the absence of anovercoming vehicle and the sensor 75 detects the absence of an upcomingobstacle. For example, in the absence of an overcoming vehicle and anupcoming obstacle, the instructions may include programming to providepedaling instruction to the driver, e.g., pedaling cadence, through thevibration generators 71. For example, instructions may includeprogramming to instruct the vibration generators 71 to vibraterelatively slowly to indicate to the driver to slow pedaling and mayvibrate relatively quickly to indicate to the driver to quickenpedaling. For example, the computing device 28 may provide theseinstructions to slow or quicken the pedaling to keep a pace, keep aworkout regimen, preserve battery life, etc.

The system 67 may provide security to the bicycle 10. For example, theinstructions may include programming to receive an indication that thebicycle 10 is being used by an unauthorized user and may includeprogramming to instruct the vibration generators 71 to vibrate at anuncomfortable frequency, e.g., relatively high frequency and magnitude,to deter the unauthorized use. In addition, the instructions may includeprogramming to sound an alarm horn and/or may increase the drivetrainresistance.

As set forth above, the post 80 of the seat post 76 of the seat assembly18 may be removed from the seat tube 82. With reference to FIGS. 41 and42, the post 76 may include an integrated light system 230 to providelight to the user when the post 80 of the seat post 76 is removed. Thelight system 230 may be used to provide illumination forfolding/unfolding the frame 14, to provide security, to provide anemergency road light (i.e., to act as a flare), etc.

As set forth above, the battery 26 may be supported by the post 80. Insuch a configuration, the battery 26 may power the light system 230.

As shown in FIG. 42, the light system 230 may include a light source 232supported by the post 76 and connected to a power source, e.g., thebattery 26. The light source 232, for example, may be an LED striphaving bi-color LEDs, e.g., red and white. In other words, the lightsource 232 may include a red light source 237 and a white light source235, e.g., red and white LEDs. In such an example, the right lightsource 237 and the white light source 235 may be combined on a singledual color LED. Alternatively, the red light source 237 may be a red LEDand the white light source 235 may be a separate white LED.

The light source 232 may be selectively illuminated when the post 80 isengaged with the seat tube 82 and when the post 80 is disengaged withthe seat tube 82. For example, the white light source 235 may beselectively illuminated when the post 76 is disengaged with the seattube 82 for use as a flashlight, and the red light source 237 may beselectively illuminated when the post 80 is engaged with the seat tube82 for use as a brake light.

The light system 230 may include a sensor, e.g., an inductive proximitysensor 234, configured to detect engagement of the post 80 with the seattube 82. For example, when the post 80 is inserted into the seat tube82, the inductive proximity sensor 234 detects the post 80, e.g., thepost 80 may be formed of aluminum or steel and the inductive proximitysensor 234 may detect the aluminum or steel. When the inductiveproximity sensor 234 detects the post 80, circuit logic in theflashlight illuminates the red LEDs.

When the post 80 is engaged with the seat tube 82, the light 232operates as a rear-facing brake light. In such a configuration, when thepost 80 is engaged with the seat tube 82, the light source 232 may be incommunication with the computing device 28, e.g., through wired orwireless communication. In such a configuration, the computing device 28may illuminate the illuminated strip 264 in the same way as set forthabove with respect to the brake light 143 and the illuminated strip 264may be operated simultaneously with the brake light 143.

When the seat tube 82 is removed from the post 80, the inductiveproximity sensor 234 fails to detect the post 80 and the circuit logicilluminates the white LEDs. With reference to FIGS. 41 and 42, the lightsystem 230 may include a switch 238 that acts as an ON/OFF switch forconnecting/disconnecting the battery 26 and the light source 235.

With reference to FIG. 42, the light system 230 may include a controller239 in communication with the sensor 234. The controller 239 may beconfigured to provide power to the red light source 237 and preventpower to the white light source 235 when the sensor 234 detectsengagement of the post 80 and the seat tube 82. The controller 239 maybe configured to provide power to the white light source 235 and preventpower to the red light source 237 when the sensor 234 detectsdisengagement of the post 80 and the seat tube 82. In other words, thecontroller 239 may illuminate the white light source 235 and the redlight source 237 by providing power to the light sources 235, 237.

The controller 239 may be, for example, a processor programmed toprovide power to the red light source 237 and prevent power to the whitelight source 235 when the sensor 234 detects engagement of the post 80with the tube 82. This processor may also be programmed to provide powerto the white light source 235 and to prevent power to the red lightsource 237 when the sensor 234 detects disengagement of the post 80 andthe tube 82. The switch 238 may be in communication with the controller239, e.g., the processor, and may be operated by the driver to instructthe controller 239 to selectively power the white light source 235 whenthe post 80 is disengaged with the tube 82. The computing device 48, forexample, may be in communication with the controller 239, e.g., theprocessor, and may provide instructions to the controller 239 toselectively power the red light source 237 when the post 80 is engagedwith the tube 82. As set forth above, the computing device 28 mayilluminate the illuminated strip 264 in the same way as set forth abovewith respect to the brake light 143 (as shown in FIG. 3) and theilluminated strip 264 may be operated simultaneously with the brakelight 143.

With reference to FIG. 43, the front wheel 20 and/or the rear wheel 22may have a run-flat configuration. The wheel 20, 22 includes a smallerinner tube 240 pressurized with air, surrounded by a firm foam layer 242which provides an added layer of protection in order to prevent damageto the inner tube 240. A tire 244, such as a rubber tire, is disposedabout the foam layer 242. The foam layer 242 provides protection to theinner tube 240 inside it and the pressurized air within the tube 240provides a degree of suspension to the driver. This tube 240, beingfilled with air, also reduces the weight of the wheel.

The wheel is puncture proof. For example, if a large nail, or similarobject, passes through the entire foam layer 242 and punctures theinternal inner tube 240, the foam layer 242 is designed to still be ableto provide some degree of functionality to the user. This enables theuser to continue the journey even if a puncture is sustained. Thisallows the driver to continue using the electric bicycle 10 untilreplacement/repair is available.

The foam layer 242 includes an interlocking feature 246. Theinterlocking feature 246 allows rigidity to be maintained even when theinternal structure of the inner tube 240 is lost. This interlockingfeature 246 may be a tongue and groove joint, or alternatively a jointsuch as a dovetail joint which will be able to provide support under thestresses experienced in a punctured condition.

The front wheel 20 and/or the rear wheel 22 may be mounted to the frame14 with a nut 250. For example, the frame 14 may present a stud thatreceives the wheel and the nut is tightened onto the stud. The nut 250may be locking wheel nut, i.e., a nut that is configured to be removedwith a key. The vehicle 12 may also include a locking wheel nut and thelocking wheel nut on the electric bicycle 10 and the locking wheel nuton the vehicle 12 may both be configured to be unlocked by the same key.

The front wheel 20 and the rear wheel 22 may, for example, be 12″wheels. This size enable a more compact folded form and allow for use ofa smaller shell 36. The wheel 20, 22, for example, may be wide toprovide better ride quality on rough roads as well as improving theoverall appearance. The wheels 20, 22 may be styled to look likeautomotive alloy wheels. The wheels may be die cast or injection molded.

With reference to FIGS. 44-48, the seat post 76 may be configured toremember a preferred height setting of the post 80 relative to the seattube 82 for one or more drivers. A first embodiment of the memory seatpost 76 is shown in FIG. 45, a second embodiment of the memory seat post76 is shown in FIG. 46, and a third embodiment of the memory seat post76 is shown in FIGS. 47-48.

With reference to FIGS. 44-48, the seat assembly 18 may include anindicating unit 79 configured to indicate a first position of the post80 along the slot 84 (as shown in FIG. 1) for a first user and a secondposition of the post 80 along the slot 84 for a second user. Anidentification unit 81 is configured to identify the first user and thesecond user. The memory 29 of the computing device 28 may storeinstruction such that the processor 31 of the computing device 28 isprogrammed to instruct the indicating unit 79 to indicate the firstposition when the identification unit 81 identifies the first user andto instruct the indicating unit 79 to indicate the second position whenthe identification unit 81 identifies the second user. Although a firstdriver and a second driver are referenced herein, it should beappreciated that the memory 29 may store instruction such that theprocessor 31 of the computing device 28 is programmed to instruct theindicating unit 79 to indicate any suitable number of positions for anysuitable number of users. For example, the bicycle 10 could be a rentaland may save a position for each renter such that the position of theseat assembly 18 is automatically adjusted for repeat renters.

The identification unit 81 may be configured to sense a plurality ofidentifiers 83. Each identifier 83 may be unique to a different driverand may identify the driver to the identification unit 81. As shown inFIG. 44, the identification unit 81 may be configured to sense anysuitable number of identifiers 83. The identification unit 81 may besupported in the seat assembly 18 or may be supported at any othersuitable location of the bicycle 10. The identity of the users may bestored in the identifiers 83 and/or in the identification unit 81.

The identification unit 81 may be a proximity sensor configured to sensethe identifier 83 within a predetermined range. The identifier 83 maybe, for example, a mobile device 48 such as a cell phone, anelectromagnetic identifier, e.g., an RFID chip, etc. In theconfiguration where the identifier 83 is a mobile device 48, the mobiledevice 48 may communicate with the identification unit 81 in anysuitable manner, such a wireless protocol, e.g., near fieldcommunication, Bluetooth low energy, etc. Alternatively, theidentification unit 81 may include may include an input interface, e.g.,a touch screen, physical or virtual keypad, etc.

With reference to FIG. 44, a seat adjusting system 269 includes thecomputing device 28 in communication with the indicating unit 79 and theidentification unit 81. The memory 29 of the computing device 28 maystore instructions executable by the processor 31. The instructions mayinclude programming to receive a signal from one of the identifiers 83and to instruct the indicating unit 79 to indicate the position of thepost 80 along the slot 84 for the driver identified by the identifier83. For example, the instructions may include programming to instructthe indicating unit 79 to indicate the first position with theidentification unit 81 identifies the first user and to instruct theindicating unit 79 to indicate the second position when theidentification unit 81 identifies the second user.

With reference to FIG. 45, the indication unit 79 of the firstembodiment of the memory seat post 76 may be a mechanical lock engagingthe post 80 to the seat tube 82. Specifically, the first embodimentincludes a step 262, e.g., a latch 262, adjustably connected to the post80 and configured to position the post 80 relative to the seat tube 82.The step 262 may be fixed to the post 80 and may be shaped to catch theseat tube 82 to stop movement of the post 80 into the seat tube 82. Thestep 262 may be fixed to the post 80 in any suitable fashion. Forexample, the step 262 may be mechanically fixed to the post 80,magnetically fixed to the post 80, etc.

The indication unit 79 of the first embodiment may include a track 263defined in one of the post 80 and the seat tube 82. The step 262 beslideably engaged with the track 263. The indication unit 81 may includea motor 265 engaged with the step 262 and configured to move the step262 along the track 263. The motor 265 may be engaged with the step 262in any suitable fashion, e.g., a threaded rod 267, a worm drive, rackand pinion, etc. The post 80 and/or the motor 265 is configured to trackthe position of the step 262 along the track 263, e.g. with Hall-effectsensors, encoders, etc., so that the motor 265 may move the step 262 tothe appropriate position along the track 263 when instructed by thecomputing device 28.

The programming in the memory 29 may include programming to provideinstruction to actuate the mechanical lock at the first position for thefirst driver when the identification unit 81 identifies the first driverand to actuate the mechanical lock at the second position when theidentification unit 81 identifies the second driver. For example, thememory 29 may include programming to provide instruction to actuate themotor 265 to move the step 262 to the appropriate position along thetrack 263 when instructed by the computing device 28.

As shown in FIG. 45, a second mechanical lock 85 may engage the post 80and seat tube 82. The second mechanical lock 85 may include a lever, asshown in FIG. 46, that is rotatable by the driver between an unlockedposition, allowing the post 80 to move to any position allowed by thestep 262, and a locked position, locking the post 80 relative to theseat tube 82. In other words, the step 262 may position the post 80relative to the seat tube 82 and, when the driver sits on the saddle 78,the weight of the driver forces the step 262 against the seat tube 82.The second mechanical lock 85 locks the post and seat tube 82 in thisrelative position. The second mechanical lock 85 may be, for example, acompression lock supported by the post 80 and that compresses the seattube 82 to lock the post 80 to the seat tube 82.

In the second embodiment of the memory seat post 76, as shown in FIG.46, the indicating unit 79 includes an illuminated strip 264, i.e., astrip of light sources. The illuminated strip 264 may, for example,include at least one LED strip including a plurality of LED bulbs. Thecomputing device 28 may provide instructions to illuminate at least aportion of the illuminated strip 264, e.g., a section of adjacent lightsources. The appropriate illumination for each driver may be stored inthe memory 29 of the computing device 28. Alternatively, the post 80 mayinclude memory for recording a preferred height of the post 80 andidentifying the preferred height on the illuminated strip 264.

The driver may align the illuminated portion of the illuminated strip264 with an edge of the seat tube 82 to appropriately locate the post 80and the seat tube 82. At least one of the post 80 and the seat tube 82may include a mechanical lock 85 to lock the post 80 relative to theseat tube 82 when the post 80 is in the identified location along theslot 84. The mechanical lock 85 may include a lever, as shown in FIG.46, that is rotatable by the driver between an unlocked position,allowing the post 80 to move relative to the seat tube 82, and a lockedposition, locking the post 80 relative to the seat tube 82. Themechanical lock 85 may be, for example, a compression lock supported bythe post 80 and that compresses the seat tube 82 to lock the post 80 tothe seat tube 82.

The programming in the memory 29 may include programming to provideinstructions to illuminate at least one of the light sources to indicatethe appropriate position of the post 80 relative to the slot 84 for adriver. For example, the memory 29 may include programming to illuminateat least one of the light sources to indicate the first position whenthe identification unit 81 identifies the first user and to illuminateat least one of the light sources to indicate the second position whenthe identification unit 81 identifies the second user.

A button 266 may be in communication with the computing device 28 whenthe post 80 is engaged with the seat tube 82, e.g., through wired orwireless connection. The computing device 28 may be programmed to storethe preferred height in the memory 29 when the button 266 is depressed.For example, the computing device 28 may receive a signal from thebutton 266 when the button 266 is depressed and, in response, the memory29 may store the height position of the post 80 relative to the seattube 82. The computing device 28 may also correspond the height positionrelative to an identifier 83 detected by the identification unit 81. Theheight position of the post 80 relative to the seat tube 82 may bemeasured by any suitable device, e.g., a Hall-effect sensor, mechanicalmeasurement device, etc., connected to the computing device 28. Thecomputing device 28 may correspond the height position to theillumination of the illuminated strip 264 so that the illuminated strip264 may identify the saved height position.

The illuminated strip 264 may be red and may act as a rearward facingbrake light or tail light when the post 80 is engaged with the seat tube82. In such a configuration, the computing device 28 may illuminate theilluminated strip 264 in the same way as set forth above with respect tothe brake light 143. In such a configuration, the illuminated strip 264may be operated simultaneously with the brake light 143.

With reference to FIGS. 47 and 48, in the third embodiment of the memoryseat post 76 the indicating unit 79 may include a mechanical lockengaging the post 80 to the seat tube 82. Specifically, one of the post80 and the seat tube 82 defines openings 270, e.g., recesses 270, andthe other of the post 80 and the seat tube 82 supports a stopper 268,e.g., a ball bearing, configured to engage the openings 270.Specifically, as shown in FIG. 47, the post 80 may include the stopper268 seated in one of the openings 270, respectively.

The indicating unit 79 of FIGS. 47 and 48 includes an actuator 272disposed adjacent the stoppers 268 for extending/retracting the stopper268 relative to the openings 270. The actuator 272 may be, for example,an electro-magnet and, in such a configuration, the stopper 268 may bebiased toward an extended position by a spring 276. The electro-magnetmay work against the bias of the spring 276 to retract the stopper 268.The seat tube 282 defines a hole 274 for receiving one of the stopper268 for locking the post 80 relative to the seat tube 282. Specifically,when a stopper 268 corresponding to a desired height is aligned with thehole 274, that stopper 268 may be engaged with hole 274. The actuator272 may be in communication with the computing device 28 and thecomputing device 28 may provide instruction to the actuator 272 toextend/retract the stopper 268. With continued reference to FIGS. 47 and48, the programming in the memory 29 may include programming to provideinstruction to actuate the mechanical lock, e.g., the actuator 272, atthe first position for the first driver when the identification unit 81identifies the first driver and to actuate the mechanical lock, e.g.,the actuator 272, at the second position when the identification unit 81identifies the second driver. For example, the memory 29 may includeprogramming to provide instruction to instruct the actuator 272 toengage the stopper 268 with the proper opening 270. The height positionof the post 80 relative to the seat tube 82 may be measured by anysuitable device, e.g., a Hall-effect sensor, mechanical measurementdevice, etc., connected to the computing device 28. The computing device28 may correspond the height position to the actuation of the actuator272 so that the actuator 272 may identify the saved height position.

Computing devices such as those discussed herein generally each includeinstructions executable by one or more computing devices such as thoseidentified above, and for carrying out blocks or steps of processesdescribed above. For example, process blocks discussed above may beembodied as computer-executable instructions.

Computer-executable instructions may be compiled or interpreted fromcomputer programs created using a variety of programming languagesand/or technologies, including, without limitation, and either alone orin combination, Java™, C, C++, Visual Basic, Java Script, Perl, HTML,etc. In general, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor) receivesinstructions, e.g., from a memory, a computer-readable medium, etc., andexecutes these instructions, thereby performing one or more processes,including one or more of the processes described herein. Suchinstructions and other data may be stored and transmitted using avariety of computer-readable media. A file in a computing device isgenerally a collection of data stored on a computer readable medium,such as a storage medium, a random access memory, etc.

A computer-readable medium includes any medium that participates inproviding data (e.g., instructions), which may be read by a computer.Such a medium may take many forms, including, but not limited to,non-volatile media, volatile media, etc. Non-volatile media include, forexample, optical or magnetic disks and other persistent memory. Volatilemedia include dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which typicallyconstitutes a main memory. Common forms of computer-readable mediainclude, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk,magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any otheroptical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium withpatterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EEPROM, any othermemory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer canread.

The disclosure has been described in an illustrative manner, and it isto be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended tobe in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Manymodifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible inlight of the above teachings, and the invention may be practicedotherwise than as specifically described.

1. An electric bicycle comprising: a motor; a controller; a heart ratemonitor programmed to communicate a heart rate signal representing aheart rate of an occupant to the controller; and the controller beingprogrammed to receive a destination distance of the electric bicyclerelative to a predetermined destination; the controller being programmedto provide instruction to adjust power to the motor based at least onthe heart rate signal and the destination distance.
 2. The electricbicycle as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a battery and whereinthe controller is programmed to provide instruction to adjust power tothe motor based at least on a charge level of the battery.
 3. Theelectric bicycle as set forth in claim 2 wherein the controller isprogrammed to provide instruction to increase power to the motor whenthe destination distance is within a predetermined range, the heart ratesignal is above a predetermined level, and the charge level of thebattery is above a predetermined level.
 4. The electric bicycle as setforth in claim 2 wherein the controller is programmed to determine amaximum cool down distance based at least on the charge level of thebattery and to provide instruction to increase power to the motor whenthe destination distance is less than the maximum cool down distance. 5.The electric bicycle as set forth in claim 4 wherein the controller isprogrammed to determine the maximum cool down distance based at least onone of topography between the electric bicycle and the predetermineddestination, traffic conditions between the electric bicycle and thepredetermined destination, and traffic light patterns between theelectric bicycle and the predetermined destination.
 6. The electricbicycle as set forth in claim 5 wherein the controller is programmed toreceive at least one of the topography, traffic conditions, and trafficlight patterns are communicated to the controller from a mobile phone.7. The electric bicycle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the controlleris programmed to receive an occupant selected cool down distance and toprovide instruction to increase power to the motor when the destinationdistance is less than the occupant selected cool down distance.
 8. Theelectric bicycle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the controller isprogrammed to identify a baseline heart rate of the occupant beforeoperation of the bicycle by the occupant.
 9. The electric bicycle as setforth in claim 8 wherein the controller is programmed to provideinstruction to adjust power to the motor based at least on the heartrate signal relative to the baseline heart rate.
 10. The electricbicycle as set forth in claim 9 further comprising a battery and whereinthe controller is programmed to provide instruction to increase power tothe motor based at least on a charge level of the battery.
 11. Theelectric bicycle as set forth in claim 10 wherein the controller isprogrammed to provide instruction to increase power to the motor whenthe heart rate signal is above the baseline heart rate, the charge levelof the battery is above a predetermined level, and the destinationdistance is within a predetermined range.
 12. The electric bicycle asset forth in claim 1 further comprising an input device programmed toprovide instruction to the controller to override the instruction toadjust power to the motor based at least on the heart rate signal andthe destination distance.
 13. The electric bicycle as set forth in claim12 wherein the input device is a mobile phone.
 14. The electric bicycleas set forth in claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed to provideinstruction to progressively increase power to the motor as thedestination distance decreases.
 15. The electric bicycle as set forth inclaim 1 further comprising a handlebar and wherein the heart ratemonitor includes contact patches on the handlebar.
 16. The electricbicycle as set forth in claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed toreceive at least one of route topology data and current gradient dataand to adjust power to the motor based at least on the route topographydata and/or the current gradient data.
 17. The electric bicycle as setforth in claim 1 wherein the heartrate monitor is on at least one of awristwatch and a chest strap.
 18. A system for a bicycle comprising acomputing device having a processor and a memory, the memory storinginstructions, the instructions comprising programming to: receive aheart rate of a driver; receive a destination distance of the bicyclerelative to a predetermined destination; and provide instruction toadjust power to a motor based at least on the heart rate and thedestination distance.
 19. The system as set forth in claim 18 whereinthe instructions further comprise programming to provide instruction toincrease power to the motor when the destination distance is within apredetermined range, the heart rate signal is above a predeterminedlevel, and a charge level of a battery is above a predetermined range.20. The system as set forth in claim 19 wherein the instructions furthercomprise programming to determine a maximum cool down distance based atleast on the charge level of the battery and to provide instruction toincrease power to the motor when the destination distance is less thanthe maximum cool down distance.